Download The nervous system - Science for Yr9@E

YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
Name:
LEARNING INTENTIONS
1. To understand the major points of the topic Under Control covered in term 1.
2. To revise the content of the Under Control unit.
3. To be prepared for the mid-year exam.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
1. Successful completion of the booklet.
2. Great Score on the Exam.
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
1. What is the function of the Nervous System? What is the PNS and CNS?
The nervous system
The nervous system is responsible for coordinating all of the body's activities. It
controls not only the maintenance of normal functions but also the body's ability to
cope with emergency situations.
Function
The nervous system has three general functions: a sensory function, an interpretative
function and a motor function.
1. Sensory nerves gather information from inside the body and the outside
environment. The nerves then carry the information to central nervous
system (CNS).
2. Sensory information brought to the CNS is processed and interpreted.
3. Motor nerves convey information from the CNS to the muscles and the
glands of the body.
Structure
The nervous system is divided into two parts:
1. the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These
structures are protected by bone and cushioned from injury by the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
2. the peripheral system which connects the central nervous system to the
rest of the body.
2. Describe the function of a Sensory Neuron.
Sensory neurons are specialized neurons in your body that can detect the environment.
Your sensory neurons are what make up your five primary senses and all of the sub-senses
like flavors on the tongue or what your skin feels.
3. Describe the function of a Motor Neuron.
The function of a motor neuron is to carry an electrical signal to a muscle, triggering it to
either contract or relax.
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
4. Name the Major parts of the brain. What are their functions?
The Cerebrum: The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with
higher brain function such as thought and action.
The Cerebellum: The cerebellum, or "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum in that it has two
hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with
regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance.
Brain Stem: Underneath the limbic system is the brain stem. This structure is responsible for
basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. Scientists say that
this is the "simplest" part of human brains because animals' entire brains, such as reptiles (who
appear early on the evolutionary scale) resemble our brain stem.
5. Label the diagrams below and state the function/s of each part.
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
Axon Terminal
Axon
Cell Body
Myelin Sheaf
Nucleus
6. Answer the following questions by circling the answer.
1. The study of disorders of the nervous system is known as;
a. Neuropathy
b. Naturopathy
c. Neurology
d. Nemerotony
2. Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the;
a. Nervous system
b. Digestive system
c. Reproductive System
d. Circulatory System
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
3. The diagram shows the;
a. Central Nervous system
b. Digestive system
c. Peripheral Nervous System
d. Circulatory System
4. The cerebrum controls our;
a. Voluntary actions
b. Digestive system
c. Circulatory System
d. Balance
5. The brainstem controls our;
a. Breathing
b. Blood pressure
c. Heart rate
d. All of the above
6. In the diagram the Cerebellum is
labelled;
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. None of the above
11
3
2
7. What is the main purpose of the spinal cord? Is it to;
a. Produce chemical hormones
b. Transmit information between the brain and the rest of the body
c. Help communicate between the two halves of the brain
d. Transmit information around the brain
8. The cerebellum controls our;
a. Voluntary actions
b. Digestive system
c. Circulatory System
d. Balance
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
9. A neuron is;
a. The centre of an atom
b. A major section of the brain
c. A special type of cell found in the nervous system
d. An action caused by a nerve cell
10. A neuron is;
a.
b.
c.
d.
The centre of an atom
A major section of the brain
A special type of cell found in the nervous system
An action caused by a nerve cell
Study the picture below and answer the following four (4) questions
A
D
B
C
11. The part labelled A on the diagram is called;
i. Myelin Sheath
ii. Axon terminal
iii. Cell body
iv. Dendrite
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
12. The part labelled B on the diagram is called;
i. Myelin Sheath
ii. Axon terminal
iii. Cell body
iv. Dendrite
13. The part labelled D on the diagram is called;
I. Myelin Sheath
II. Axon terminal
III. Cell body
IV. Dendrite
14. The myelin sheath;
i. Acts like the insulation on electrical wiring to keep the impulse inside
ii. Slows down the nerve impulse
iii. Has no real function at all
iv. Contains the synapse
15. Study the diagram. What is
represented by the dots found
in the gap between the two
nerve cells?
i. Axon fluid
ii. Neurotransmitters
iii. Synaptic fluid
iv. Nervotransmitters
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
A
E
F
D
B
C
G
16.The part labelled A on the diagram is called;
a. Optic Nerve
b. Lens
c. Sclera
d. Cornea
17.The part labelled B on the diagram is called;
a. Optic Nerve
b. Lens
c. Sclera
d. Cornea
18.The part labelled C on the diagram is called;
a. Optic Nerve
b. Lens
c. Iris
d. Retina
19.Light entering the eye passes through these parts in the order:
a. Cornea, Pupil, Optic Nerve, Lens, Retina,
b. Cornea, Retina, Pupil, Lens, , Optic Nerve
c. Retina, Cornea, pupil, Lens, , Optic Nerve
d. Cornea, Pupil, Lens, Retina, Optic Nerve
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
20.A hormone is;
a. a type of chemical produced by glands in the body
b. transported by the circulatory system to target organs.
c. helps to regulate the body and behaviour
d. all of the above.
21.In females the gonads are the;
a. ovaries
b. testes
c. sperm
d. egg cells
22.In males the gametes are the;
a. ovaries
b. testes
c. sperm
d. egg cells
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
Study the picture below and answer the following (5) questions
23. The part labelled A on the diagram is called;
a. Ovary
b. Testes
c. Adrenal gland
d. Pituitary gland
24. The part labelled B on
the diagram is called;
a. Ovary
b. Testes
c. Adrenal gland
d. Pituitary gland
AE
B
A
C
D
B
C
E
25. The part labelled E on the diagram is called;
a. Ovary
b. Testes
c. Adrenal gland
d. Pituitary gland
26.The function of the part labelled C on the diagram is to secrete;
a. male hormones
b. female hormones
c. a variety of hormones
d. hormones that helps trigger the fight or flight response
27. The function of the part labelled A on the diagram is to secrete;
a. male hormones
b. female hormones
c. a variety of hormones
d. hormones that helps trigger the fight or flight response
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
7. From your observations how did the appearance of the cerebrum, cerebellum and
brain stem differ? How did the sizes differ?
8. Explain the role of each of these components.
The Cerebrum: The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with
higher brain function such as thought and action.
The Cerebellum: The cerebellum, or "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum in that it has two
hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with
regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance.
Brain Stem: Underneath the limbic system is the brain stem. This structure is responsible for
basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. Scientists say that
this is the "simplest" part of human brains because animals' entire brains, such as reptiles (who
appear early on the evolutionary scale) resemble our brain stem.
9. How would a sheep’s brain be different from a human brain?
Cerebrum smaller
Brain stem more behind rest of brain rather than underneath like in humans as sheep walk
on 4 legs and their spine is horizontal not vertical as in humans.
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
10.
Is the cornea transparent, translucent or opaque?
Transparent-you can see through it
What happens to the size of the pupil in bright light? Why does this happen?
The pupil closes to reduce the amount of light getting into the eye otherwise the eye is
“overwhelmed” by too much light.
Where is the iris situated? What is the role of the muscles of the iris?
The iris is situated in front of the lens. The muscles open and close the pupil.
What is the function of the lens in the eye?
The function of the lens is to focus the light entering the eye onto the retina at the back
of the eye.
Where does the optic nerve receive information from? Where does the information
sent to?
The optic nerve receives information from the sensory neurons in the retina. It sends the
information to the brain.
Where is the aqueous humour found? Describe 2 roles for which the aqueous humour
is responsible.
Found behind the cornea and in front of the lens. Maintains the shape of the cornea
and provides nutrients to the lens.
Describe the consistency of the vitreous humour. Where is it found?
It is a watery liquid found behind the lens in the main part of the eye.
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
11.Label the diagram of the eye:
12.Is catching the ruler a voluntary response or a reflex? Explain. Why do we have
reflexes? What are their value to the human body?
A voluntary response, because you choose to catch the ruler. You do not have to catch it you
can decide.
We have reflexes as a defense mechanism to avoid damage to our body. Reflexes reduce the
damage to our body therefore letting us to survive longer due to less damage.
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
13.Complete the flow chart below using some of the following terms explaining what
happens when a ruler is dropped and someone attempts to catch it. Motor neuron 6,
sensory neuron 2, stimulus 1(ruler begins moving), response 7 (hand moves) brain
stem 3, cerebrum 4, cerebellum, analyse information 5, consider your emotions
14. Define these terms. Provide examples of each.
a)
Homeostasis
A process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting
conditions to ensure survival.
b)
Parasitism
Parasitism is a non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one
species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host.
c)
Commensalism
Commensalism is a class of relationships between two organisms where one
organism benefits from the other without affecting it.
d)
Food Web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and
generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an
ecological community.
e)
Mutualism
Mutualism, is when both organisms benefit from each other
YR 9@E SCIENCE REVISION BOOKLET Term 1
15. List some possible Sources of Error in any experiment.
a. Human error-mistakes made by any person.
b. Equipment error-equipment that is broke/damaged or not working correctly.
c. Procedural error-not following the method properly.