Download Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards

Lab 7 Enzymes Flashcards
1) What energy is vital to living organisms in order to
sustain the man processes involved in life?
2) What is cellular respiration?
3) What is critical in the process of cellular
respiration?
4) What is an enzyme?
5) Where do enzymes occur?
6) Before any chemical reaction can occur, what type
of energy must molecules obtain?
7) How does energy of activation occur?
8) Is it essential for a chemical reaction involved in
cellular respiration to occur at a rapid or slow rate?
9) When lowering the energy activation, do enzymes
increase or decrease reaction rates?
10) What molecules do enzymes work on?
11) What is the specificity of enzymes?
12) What is enzyme specificity dependent on?
13) When do enzymatic reactions begin?
14) What is a substrate?
15) What is a reactant?
16) Where does the binding of the substrate take place
in an enzymatic reaction?
17) What is formed by the substrate and enzyme that is
held together by temporary bonding?
18) What is the result of an enzymatic reaction?
19) What happens to the enzyme after it reacts with the
substrate?
20) What is the name of the optimum set of conditions
that produce the most efficient enzymatic activity?
21) What might enzymes require in order to function
properly
22) What are cofactors and coenzymes?
23) What 4 factors can affect enzyme activity?
24) What can affect the binding of substrates?
Cellular Respiration
A catabolic process that releases energy, most often
as ATP.
Enzymes
They are biological catalysts that accelerate the
multitude of anabolic and catabolic chemical
reactions.
Living organisms.
Energy of Activation
When one molecule collides with another or from an
external source of energy such as heat.
A rapid rate
Increase
Substrates
Whenever a group of substrates are susceptible to
catalysis by a particular enzyme
It is dependent on the three dimensional shape of the
enzyme
When reactants collide and the substrate fits into the
active site of an enzyme
The molecules that enzymes work on
The enzyme
The active site
The enzyme-substrate complex
The Product
Nothing; it remains unchanged.
Fastest reaction rate
Cofactors and coenzymes
Inorganic or organic enzyme helpers that allow the
enzyme to function properly.
1.temperature
2.pH
3.concentration of substrates
4.concentration of enzymes
Enzyme inhibitors
Lab 7 Enzymes Flashcards
25) When the three dimensional shape of the enzyme
is disrupted, the protein is said to be
26) What sugar is used by green plants?
27) Is sucrose a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or
polysaccharide?
28) What enzyme is involved in the breaking down of
sucrose?
29) What does sucrose break down into?
Sucrase + Sucrose  Sucrase + Glucose + Fructose
Denatured
30) Which of the above is the enzyme?
31) Which is the substrate?
32) Which are the products?
33) What do our cells utilize to obtain energy?
34) Where does the initial use of glucose occur in the
cell?
35) When glucose is broken down, what are the
products?
Enzyme = sucrase
Substrate = sucrose
Products = Glucose and Fructose
Glucose
The Cytoplasm
36) What is the term for breaking glucose down into
ATP?
37) Is glycolysis anaerobic (requires no oxygen) or
aerobic (requires oxygen)?
38) The fate of two pyruvic acids is dependent on the
presence of what?
39) If oxygen is not present, during glycolysis the two
pyruvic acids will remain in cytosol and undergo
the anaerobic process called what?
40) If oxygen is present, during glycolysis where will
the two pyruvic acids be shuttled?
41) What happens to the pyruvic acid when it gets to
the mitochondria?
42) Are the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport
aerobic or anaerobic processes?
43) How many ATP molecules are generated directly
per Krebs cycle?
44) What process is indirectly responsible for the
greatest ATP production by generating coenzymes
(NADH and FADH2)?
45) Where are the coenzymes NADH and FADH2
reoxidized?
46) What does the Electron Transport Chain do?
47) What is succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH)?
Sucrose
Disaccharide
Sucrase
Glucose and Fructose (which are monosachharides)
2 molecules of pyruvic acid
2 molecules of ATP (energy molecule)
2 molecules of NADH
Glycolysis
Anaerobic
Oxygen
Fermentation
To the Mitochondria
The mitochondria changes the pyruvic acid into
acetyl CoA, which enters into the Krebs Cycle and
the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
Aerobic
One.
Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain
Results in many molecules of ATP (36 molecules of
ATP per glucose molecules)
An enzyme which oxidizes the substrate succinic
acid. It is a vital step in the Krebs cycle.
Lab 7 Enzymes Flashcards
48) What does oxidation mean?
49) When succinic acid loses two H+ atoms, what is
succinic acid changed into?
50) When a substance is oxidized (loses H+ atoms),
where do the H+ atoms go?
51) What reducing agent accepts the H+ from succinic
acid?
52) What is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)?
53) In our cells, which molecules carry hydrogen
atoms?
54) Where do the H+ atoms from FADH2 go?
55) What is formed when oxygen accepts the H+
atoms?
56) Can enzymes be inhibited in many ways?
57) What are three ways that substances can act as an
enzyme inhibitor?
58) An enzyme molecule is very large compared to its
______ and may contain several active sites.
59) What is a “false” substrate?
60) When inhibitors bind to the active site what
happens?
61) When oxidized methylene blue accepts hydrogen
and is thus reduced what happens to the color?
62) What tissue has many mitochondria?
63) Substrate succinic acid, as well as other citric acid
cycle intermediates is present where in a cell?
64) What does Benedict’s solution test for?
65) Test tubes 1-4 contain sugars. Why did test tubes 3
& 4 remain blue?
66) Why was test tube #6 included in this portion of
the experiment?
67) Which test tube was the control test tube?
68) What reactant was missing from the control?
69) Why is it important to include controls?
70) Explain why the enzymatic reaction occurs more
slowly at temperatures below the optimum
71) What happens to the enzyme at temperatures
higher than the optimum
72) If the tube indicated at 100* C was placed back in
the optimum temperature, would a reaction occur?
Briefly explain
73) What is the substrate in this experiment setup?
Removal of H+ atoms.
Fumaric acid.
The substance that accepts the H+ atoms is called a
reducing agent.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
A coenzyme which works along with SDH and acts
as a reducing agent.
FAD molecules.
FAD (its oxidized form) then becomes FADH2 (its
reduced form)
They enter the Electron transport chain, where
oxygen takes the H+ atoms
Water
Yes
1. Irreversibly binding to the enzyme’s active site
2. Altering the structure of the enzyme
3. Compete for the active site
Substrate
An inhibitor
The substrate cannot undergo the desires reaction at
the rate ordinarily observed.
It becomes colorless
Muscle
The mitochondria
Lab 7 Enzymes Flashcards
74) What enzyme is working on the substrate?
75) No enzymes were added to the test tubes, but a
reaction occurred. Where are the enzymes located?
76) What is the role of methylene blue experiment?
77) Although the process that is occurring is called
“oxidation”, no oxygen is used. Explain
78) Rank which test tube changed colors from the
fastest to slowest. Explain the ranking.
79) Did a color change occur on Tube# 4? Since no
succinic acid was added, should there have been a
color change? Is there a difference in what you
observed and what you expected? If so, explain.
80) Would shaking or stirring the tube affect the color
in the tube? If a change occurred, what was the
cause?