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OMIC GLOSSARY
Cellomics
Studying cell function and drug impact at the level of the cell.
Degradomics
The application of genomic and proteomic approaches to identify the protease and proteasesubstrate repertoires, or 'degradomes', on an organism-wide scale - promises to uncover new
roles for proteases in vivo. This knowledge will facilitate the identification of new
pharmaceutical targets to treat disease.
Epigenomics
Imbalances in DNA methylation and histone acetylation that play a significant role in the
development of human diseases such as cancer or inflamation.
Genome
The total genetic content contained in a haploid set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, in a single
chromosome in bacteria, or in the DNA or RNA of viruses. The genome includes the entire DNA
(or, for some viruses, RNA), including both genes and the non-coding sequences.
Genomics
The field of science that studies the entire DNA sequence of an organism's genome (including
all of the nucleotide sequences, structural genes, regulatory sequences, and non-coding DNA
segments, in the chromosomes of an organism). Genomics’ goal is to find all the genes within
each genome and to use that information to develop improved medicines as well as answer
scientific questions.
Glycomics
The study of the total list of sugar (carbohydrate) molecules in an organism referred to as the
glycome.
Integromics
High-throughput, multiplexed technologies –including microarrays- are changing the way we
think about development of new diagnostics and new therapeutic agents. But the most
profound changes will come from use of such technologies in combination to obtain an
integrated picture at the DNA, RNA, protein, tissue, and pharmacological levels.
Metabolomics
The study of the metabolite profiles in biological samples. The metabolome represents the
collection of all metabolites in a biological organism, which are the end products of its gene
expression. Thus, while mRNA gene expression data and proteomic analyses do not tell the
whole story of what might be happening in a cell, metabolic profiling can give an
instantaneous 'snapshot' of the physiology of that cell. One of the challenges of systems
biology is to integrate proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics information to give a
more complete picture of living organisms.
Pharmacogenetics
The study of the genetic basis (individual variations in the DNA sequence of a gene) in
individual responses to drugs.
Pharmacogenomics
The study of how different drugs induced differential effects among a set of genes in an
individual. Pharmacogenomics refers to the general study of all of the many different genes
that determine drug behaviour and explores the ways these variations can be used to predict
whether a patient will have a good response to a drug, a bad response to a drug, or no
response at all.
Pharmacoproteomics
The application of proteomic approaches to identify the impact of Proteome The complete set
of proteins that can be expressed by the genetic material of an organism.
Proteomics
The field of science that studies the entire proteome. Proteomic studies involve the analysis of
the expression, localizations, functions, and interactions of the proteins expressed in the body
and the determination of their role in physiological and pathophysiological functions.
Toxicogenomics
The application of genomic approaches to identify changes in gene expression associated with
exposure to toxins and/or particular drug toxicity.
Toxicoproteomics
Proteomics technologies are applied to search for protein markers associated with particular
drug toxicity.
Transcriptome
The set of all mRNA molecules (or transcripts) in one or a population of biological cells for a
given set of environmental circumstances. Therefore, unlike the genome, which is fixed for a
given organism (apart from genetic polymorphisms), the transcriptome varies depending upon
the context of the experiment.
Transcriptomics
The expression level of genes, often using techniques capable of sampling tens of thousands of
different mRNA molecules at a time (i.e. DNA microarrays). It must be noted that the level of a
given gene's mRNA is not directly proportional to the level of that gene's protein.
… and a long list of other “Omics”.
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