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AP Biology
Guided Reading Chapter 28, 29, 30
Adapted from Mrs. Miriello
Name __________________________
Ch 28 Protists:
1. What is endosymbiosis? What is secondary symbiosis?
2. Label the diagram below to trace the evolution of protists.
3. What are the two main divisions of green algae?
Ch 29: How Plants Colonized Land
4. List and describe the four traits that land plants share with charophyceans?
5. What resource did plants need to find a way to conserve to move to land?
6. What are the five derived traits that appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the
charophyceans?
7. Thinking back to our chapter on classification – how is the clade terminology using primitive
and derived traits a clear way of studying the evolution of plants?
8. What is a cuticle?
9. What are secondary compounds and how are they an advantage to plants? Give some
examples.
10. Use the diagram below to view plant evolution in broad terms.
11. What general characteristics could you infer about plants that lack vascular tissue?
12. What general characteristics could you infer about plants that have a vascular system?
13. What are the three phyla represented by the Bryophytes?
14. Define the following terms:
a. Protonema
b. Rhizoids
c. Stomata
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15. What are some of the ecological and economic benefits of moss? List at least three.
16. Define the following terms:
a. Xylem
b. Tracheids
c. Lignin
d. Phloem
e. Roots
f. Leaves
17. What effect did the development of the first forests have on carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere?
Ch 30: The Evolution of Seed Plants
18. Define the following terms:
a. Integuments
b. Ovule
c. Pollen grains
d. Pollination
e. Seed
19. What are the evolutionary advantages to seed formation?
20. What does the term Gymnosperm mean?
21. Are all conifers gymnosperm?
22. What is the common name of Angiosperms?
23. Define the following terms:
a. Flower
b. Sepals
c. Petals
d. Stamen
e. Filament
f. Anther
g. Stigma
h. Style
i. Ovary
j. Receptacle
k. Pistil
l. Fruit
24. What is double fertilization?
25. What is a cotyledon?
26. What function does the endosperm serve?
27. How does the development of angiosperms and animals in the same time frame meet the
definition of coevolution?
28. How does human welfare depend on seed plants?
29. Why should we worry about destroying the tropical rain forest?
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