Download Ch. 22 Plant Book Notes

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Multicellular Eukaryotes
Have cell walls made of cellulose
Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll a
&b
Store energy as starch (carbohydrates)
Most are autotrophs
• A few are parasites (live on living organisms)
or saprobes (live on dead organisms)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sunlight
Water
Minerals
Gas Exchange
Transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant
body
Remember Photosynthesis:

6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2
(water + carbon dioxide + sunlight  glucose + oxygen)
 Plants
most likely evolved from an organism like the
freshwater multicelluar green algae living today.
 Plants had to overcome “challenges” as they moved from
water to land:
 Adapt to be able to acquire water
 Adapt features to transport water
 Be able to conserve water more effeciently
1.
Bryophytes (Mosses and their relatives)
2. Seedless Vascular (Ferns and their relatives)
3. Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)
4. Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Water-conducting tissue (vascular)
 Seeds
 Flowers

 VASCULAR
PLANTS – Contain tube-like cells for transport
(Tracheophytes)
•
Can grow large and farther away from water source.
 NONVASCULAR
PLANTS – Does not contain tube-like cells
for transport. (Bryophytes)
•
•
Water and nutrients travel by diffusion
and osmosis.
Small and grows close to water source

•
•


NONVASCULAR PLANTS
Plants draw up water by osmosis only a few centimeters above the ground.
Low growing plants that are found in
moist, shaded areas.
Seedless plants – reproduce using spores
RHIZOIDS – A LONG THIN CELL THAT ANCHORS MOSS TO THE GROUND AND
ABSORBS H20 & MINERALS FROM SOIL
 Includes:
Mosses
 Liverworts

Hornworts
FERNS
GYMNOSPERMS
(CONE BEARING PLANTS)
ANGIOSPERMS
(FLOWERING
PLANTS)
 They
are vascular but reproduce using spores
 Bear
their seeds directly on the surface
of cones.
 Vascular plants
 Gymnosperm
means “naked seed”
 Includes conifers such as pines and spruces
 Monocots




One seed leaf
Parallel veins in leaves
Flower parts in multiples of three’s
Ex. Grass, orchids
 Dicots
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


Two seed leaves
Contain netted veins
Flower parts in multiples of four or fives
Ex’s trees, shrubs