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21 PLANT EVOLUTION
Chapter Outline IMPACTS, ISSUES: BEGINNINGS AND ENDINGS 21.1 EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS AMONG PLANTS From Haploid to Diploid Dominance Roots, Stems, and Leaves Pollen and Seeds 21.2 THE BRYOPHYTES—NO VASCULAR TISSUES 21.3 SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Club Mosses and Spike Mosses Whisk Ferns and Horsetails Ferns—No Seeds but Much Diversity 21.4 ANCIENT CARBON TREASURES—FOCUS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 21.5 THE RISE OF THE SEED‐BEARING PLANTS 21.6 GYMNOSPERMS—PLANTS WITH NAKED SEEDS Conifers Lesser Known Gymnosperms A Representative Life Cycle 21.7 ANGIOSPERMS—THE FLOWERING PLANTS Coevolution with Pollinators Flowering Plant Diversity 21.8 FOCUS ON A FLOWERING PLANT LIFE CYCLE 21.9 THE WORLD’S MOST NUTRITIOUS PLANT—FOCUS ON SCIENCE SUMMARY SELF‐QUIZ CRITICAL THINKING Plant Evolution 1