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HEALTH Body Systems Name_______________________________ MUSCULAR SYSTEM Function Types of Muscles Where are they found? Voluntary or Involuntary? Cardiac Smooth Skeletal What is a tendon? SKELETAL SYSTEM Function Term Definition Bone Structural material of the skeletal system. Periosteum Thin sheet of outer tissue that covers bone. Bone marrow Cartilage Ligament Joint Problems Fractures Osteoporosis Scoliosis Repetitive Motion Injury HEALTH NERVOUS SYSTEM Function Describe the… Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Cord Autonomic Brain Somatic • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain Stem The largest and most complex part of the brain. Responsible for thought, learning, and memory. The second largest part of the brain. Its principle function is to coordinate the movement of skeletal muscles. Connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain; Incoming sensory impulses and outgoing motor impulses pass through. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Function 1. Digestion Structure 2. Absorption 3. Elimination Function Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Liver Pancreas Name the process that moves food through the digestive tract. Peristalis HEALTH INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Function Layer Includes Outer layer of skin, includes melanin, surface dead cells, inner living cells and lipids. Thick layer of cells below the epidermis that contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. List three functions of the skin and the parts of the skin related to these functions. 1. waterproof shield – lipids in the epidermis 2. temperature regulation – sweat glands in the dermis 3. sense organ – never endings in the dermis ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Function Gland Regulates Metabolism, body heat, and bone growth; lowers blood calcium levels. Calcium and phosphorus balance. Stress response; maintains blood pressure and metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates; maintains salt and water balance. Blood sugar levels. Ovaries Female reproductive glands that produce ova and estrogen. Testes Male reproductive glands that produce sperm and testosterone. Produces hormones that control growth and activities of other endocrine glands. Influences maturation of some immune system cells. Describe the effects of the pancreas releasing too little insulin. The result is high blood glucose levels, which can lead to diabetes mellitus. HEALTH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Function Structure Function Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchi Diaphragm Describe the “breathing process” that occurs during inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, oxygen is brought in as the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, and the chest cavity gets larger. During exhalation, carbon dioxide is released as the diaphragm relaxes and moves up, and the chest cavity gets smaller. CARDIOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Function Structure Despcription Transports blood toward the heart. Collected by the right side of the heart. Destination of blood pumped from the right ventricle. The wall separating the right and left sides of the heart. Valves Prevents blood from flowing backward. The two upper chambers of the heart. Transports blood away from the heart. Pericardium A double-walled sac that encloses the heart. The two lower chambers of the heart. Pumped from the left ventricle to the body. Describe the circulation process. In the lungs, blood picks up oxygen from inhaled air and releases carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood enters the left atrium of the heart, is forced into the left ventricle, and is then pumped to the body tissues. The blood delivers oxygen to the body tissues and picks up carbon dioxide and other waste matter. Via the vena cava, the deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart, is forced into the right ventricle and is then pumped to the lungs. HEALTH IMMUNE/LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Function Describe the body parts that help the immune system. Spleen Bone Marrow Lymph Lymphocytes Lymphatic Vessels Lymph Nodes How do antibodies fight disease? White blood cells that are exposed to a bacterium or virus make antibodies (proteins) that can attach only to that bacteria or virus. Antibodies stop pathogens from invading body cells and keep them in the bloodstream. This gives white blood cells time to locate and destroy pathogens. URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM Function Structure Kidney Ureter Bladder Urethra Name the structures that filter blood in the kidneys. Nephrons Function