Download Unit 3A–Neural Processing and the Endocrine System

Unit 3A–Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
Karen Lowe
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Across
a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels
down an axon (2 Words)
a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in
memory; an oversupply can overstimulate the brain,
producing migraines or seizures (which is why some
people avoid MSG, monosodium glutamate)
neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and
arousal
bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting
the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and
sense organs
the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural
impulse
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that
communicate internally and intervene between the
sensory inputs and motor outputs
neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning,
attention, and emotion
neurons that carry incoming information from the
sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord (2
Words)
the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a
set of glands that secrete hormones into the
bloodstream (2 Words)
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous
system
the meeting point between neurons which is
composed of three parts: the presynaptic ending that
contains neurotransmitters, the synaptic cleft between
the two nerve cells, and the postsynaptic ending that
contains receptor sites
a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers
of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission
speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from
one node to the next (2 Words)
formally known as gamma-aminobutyric acid; a major
inhibitory neurotransmitter
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Down
chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps
between neurons
natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain
control and to pleasure
neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning,
and memory
neurotransmitter that helps control alertness and arousal
the body's speedy, electrochemical communication
network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the
peripheral and central nervous systems (2 Words)
neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain
and spinal cord to the muscles and glands (2 Words)
the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal
fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or
to muscles or glands
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the
endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and
affect other tissues
the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive
messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body