Download Physiology Notes: The Central Nervous System

Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Physiology Notes: The Central Nervous System Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to textbook pages 246 ‐ 272 The Spinal Cord • Spinal Cord – Mass of ___________________ tissue located in the vertebral ___________________ – Extends from ___________________ Oblongata to 2nd ___________________ vertebrae – Transmits electrical ___________________ to and from the ___________________, limbs, trunk, and ___________________ of the body – Protected by ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________ spinal fluid •
Spinal Nerves – Pathways of ___________________ between ___________________ cord and specific ___________________ of the PNS – Connects ___________________ to sensors, ___________________, and ___________________ Brain Stem Basics • Responsible for basic ___________________ functions: ___________________, ___________________, and blood ___________________ •
Part of the brain between the ___________________ cord and ___________________ •
Contains: – Midbrain – ___________________ – Medulla Brain Stem Details • Midbrain – Station for ___________________ that passes between ___________________ cord and ___________________ or ___________________ and ___________________ – Relays impulses for ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________ •
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Ex: ___________________ movements and ___________________ reflex Pons – Bridge that ___________________ cerebellum with ___________________ •
Medulla (Oblongata) – Contains ___________________ and ___________________ neurons – Regulates ___________________ rate and ___________________ – Reflex for ___________________, vomiting, coughing, ___________________, hiccupping Diencephalon Basics • Responsible for relaying ___________________ information between brain ___________________ • Connects structures of the ___________________ system with the ___________________ system •
Contains: – ___________________ – Hypothalamus – ___________________ Diencephalon Details • Thalamus – Structure where all ___________________ impulses (except ___________________) pass through – Transmits _________________ information from ___________________ to ___________________ •
Hypothalamus – Regulates ___________________ •
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Sleep, hunger thirst, ____________, blood pressure, ___________, emotions, behavior, etc Pineal Gland – Apart of the ___________________ system – Secretes ___________________ •
Promotes ___________________ The Cerebellum • Divided into ___________________ and ___________________ hemispheres •
Connects to the ___________________ •
___________________ receives ___________________ impulses •
Essential in coordinating ___________________ so they appear skilled, ___________________, and graceful, not ___________________ and jerky •
Maintains muscle ___________________, posture, ___________________ •
Damage from ___________________/disease ___________________ muscle ___________________ The Cerebrum • Divided into right and left ___________________ – Hemispheres ___________________ by ___________________ ___________________ •
Each hemisphere is divided into ________ lobes: – Frontal, ___________________, Temporal, ___________________ •
Covered by the cerebral ___________________ – Composed of ___________________ matter (___________________ nervous tissue) – During embryonic development, _______________________ to fit into cranial _________________ •
Gyri (JI‐ri): ___________________ •
Sulci (pl.)/Sulcus (singular): Shallow ___________________ •
Fissures: Deep ___________________ between ___________________ – Longitudinal fissure ___________________ cerebral ___________________ Protecting the CNS • Meninges – ________ layers of connective tissue that cover _______________ cord and ___________________ – The ________________ mater is the ____________ most layer and the ________________ •
Blood – Brain Barrier – _________________ network of blood _________________ and ___________________ tissue – Prevents passage of ________________ substances and ________________ from ______________ into ___________________ – Allows ______________,, CO2, alcohol, and ___________________ into brain __________________ •
Cerebrospinal Fluid – Fluid that circulates around ___________________ cord and ___________________ of the brain – Carries O2, ___________________, and other chemicals from the ________________ to ________________ tissue – Removes ___________________ and ___________________ produced by brain and spinal cord Review 1) What structure connects the cerebrum’s hemispheres? _________________________________________ 2) What structure bridges the cerebrum’s right and left hemispheres? ________________________________ 3) What main structure helps to maintain homeostasis? ___________________________________________ 4) If your medulla was damaged in a car accident what would happen? Why? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) What connects the CNS to sensors, muscles, and glands? ________________________________________ 6) What structure is found between the spinal cord and diencephalon? _______________________________ 7) Compare and contrast the ways the brain is protected from pathogens, injury, and disease. _______________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________ 8) Which structure allows for the pupillary reflex? ________________________________________________ 9) What structure maintains muscle tone, posture, balance? ________________________________________ 10) What main structure connects the endocrine and nervous system? ________________________________ 11) Fill in the table: Cerebral Lobe Functions Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital