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Honors Biology Final Review The following is a list of topics that we have focused on this semester and that you should review and be familiar with for the Final Exam. This list is meant as a guide for your studying, it is not an end all list of what will be on the final. You should use this as a general guide to your studying and a way to find out what topics you are not as familiar as you will need to be. I. II. III. Nature of Science a. You should be able to describe the components of a good experiment, what a hypothesis is. b. Theory what they are and what qualities a good one possesses. c. Characteristics of living things d. Levels of life cell universe e. Vocab: i. Spontaneous vi. Biology Generation vii. Cell ii. Controlled viii. Sexual experiment Reproduction iii. Manipulated ix. Asexual variable Reproduction iv. Responding x. Metabolism variable xi. Homeostasis v. Theory xii. Evolution Matter, Water, and Carbon Compounds a. Structure of water b. Polar vs. Non-Polar c. Ph d. The 4 groups of organic compounds and their properties e. Chemical reactions f. Vocab: i. Cohesion ii. Adhesion xiii. polymer iii. Mixture xiv. carbohydrate iv. Solution xv. monosaccharide v. Solute xvi. polysaccharide vi. Solvent xvii. lipid vii. Suspension xviii. nucleic acid viii. pH scale xix. nucleotide ix. acid xx. RNA x. base xxi. DNA xi. buffer xxii. Protein xii. monomer xxiii. Amino acid Cells a. Cell theory b. Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic c. Cell organelles and their functions d. Osmosis, diffusion e. Levels of organization f. Vocab i. Cell ii. Cell theory iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. IV. V. VI. Nucleus Eukaryote Prokaryote Organelle All the organelles Osmosis Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic Photosynthesis a. Equation b. Requirements c. Process d. Vocab: i. Autotroph ii. Heterotroph iii. ATP iv. Pigment v. Chlorophyll vi. Thylakoid Cellular Respiration a. Process i. Products and reactants b. Glycolysis c. Fermentation types d. Krebs Cycle e. Electron Transport Chain f. ADP ATP g. Vocab i. Calorie ii. Glycolysis iii. Cellular respiration iv. NAD v. Fermentation Cell Growth a. Cell growth b. Cell cycle c. Mitosis d. IPMAT e. Cytokenesis f. Cancer g. Vocab i. Mitosis ii. Cell division iii. Cytokenesis iv. Chromatid v. Centromere vi. Interphase xii. xiii. xiv. xv. xvi. xvii. xviii. xix. xx. Diffusion Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis Cell specialization Tissue Organ Organ system vii. viii. ix. x. xi. Photosystem Stroma NADP Light-dependant Calvin Cycle vi. vii. viii. ix. Anaerobic Aerobic Krebs cycle Electron Transport chain vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. Cell cycle Prophase Centriole Spindle Metaphase Anaphase xiii. Telophase VII a. b. c. d. e. f. g. VIII h. i. j. k. l. IX m. n. o. p. q. Genetics Gregory Mendel Probability True breeding Independent assortment Multiple Alleles Meiosis Vocab i. Genetics ii. Fertilization iii. True-breeding iv. Trait v. Hybrid vi. Gene vii. Allele viii. Segregation ix. Gamete x. Probability xi. Punnett square xii. Homozygous xiii. Heterozygous DNA and RNA Discovery Replication RNA and Protein Synthesis Mutations Vocab i. Transformation ii. Bacteriophage iii. Nucleotide iv. Base pairing v. Chromatin vi. Histone vii. Replication viii. DNA Polymerase ix. Gene x. Messenger RNA xi. Ribosomal RNA xii. Transfer RNA xiii. Transcription xiv. RNA polymerase Evolution Darwin, Hutton, Lyell, Lamarck, Malthus Natural Selection Evolution Fossil Record Vocab xiv. Phenotype xv. Genotype xvi. Independent assortment xvii. Incomplete dominance xviii. Codominance xix. Multiple alleles xx. Polygenic traits xxi. Homologous xxii. Diploid xxiii. Haploid xxiv. Meiosis xv. xvi. xvii. xviii. xix. xx. xxi. xxii. xxiii. xxiv. xxv. xxvi. xxvii. xxviii. Promoter Intron Exon Codon Translation Anticodon Mutation Point mutation Frameshift mutation Polyploidy Operon Operator Differentiation Hox gene i. ii. iii. iv. Artificial selection Fitness Adaptation Survival of the fittest v. Natural selection r. Genes s. Evolution t. Genetic selection u. Speciation X Phylogeny and Classification This is based on the most recent chapters 17 and 18 based evidence for evolutionary diversification of the different groupings of organisms and on the evolutionary paths that they have all followed. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. XI vi. Descent with modification vii. Common descent viii. Homologous structure ix. Vestigial organ Fossil record Geologic time scale Era Period Endosymbiotic theory Mass extinction Chemical basis for origin of life 1. taxonomy and all taxons 2. binomial nomenclature 3.cladogram 4. molecular clock 5.Evolutionary Classification 6. Domains (all of them) Unit 2 Ecology It is our intent to get through as much of Unit 2 on Ecology as possible for the rest of this week. It is relatively easy reading and much of it will be familiar to you. In addition to this reading and homework please note the Article assignments for this week: Due Wednesday; Article on any non-human organismal interaction with its environment or habitat. Due Friday; Article due on any Human impact on the environment Formal Review will be next week for ½ of Mondays class and all of Tuesdays!