Leptin regulation of lipid homeostasis: dietary and metabolic
... Leptin receptor and signalling Leptin is synthesized as an 18 kDa protein with a signal sequence that is cleaved to yield the mature 16 kDa hormone. Leptin circulates bound to proteins in serum and is a four-helix bundle cytokine (for reviews, see Houseknecht & Portocarrero, 1998; Ahima & Flier, 200 ...
... Leptin receptor and signalling Leptin is synthesized as an 18 kDa protein with a signal sequence that is cleaved to yield the mature 16 kDa hormone. Leptin circulates bound to proteins in serum and is a four-helix bundle cytokine (for reviews, see Houseknecht & Portocarrero, 1998; Ahima & Flier, 200 ...
Arabidopsis Cell Division Cycle 20.1 Is Required for Normal Meiotic
... To investigate the function of CDC20.1 in meiosis, we obtained two mutant alleles for CDC20.1 from public T-DNA insertion line collections (Alonso et al., 2003). The T-DNA insertions are located in the fourth and the fifth exon, respectively (Supplemental Figure 1A). To distinguish these two alleles ...
... To investigate the function of CDC20.1 in meiosis, we obtained two mutant alleles for CDC20.1 from public T-DNA insertion line collections (Alonso et al., 2003). The T-DNA insertions are located in the fourth and the fifth exon, respectively (Supplemental Figure 1A). To distinguish these two alleles ...
PCTpc201500834rar1_pap_plantcell 1..16
... fourth and the fifth exon, respectively (Supplemental Figure 1A). To distinguish these two alleles from the two previously identified weak alleles of cdc20.1-1 and cdc20.1-2 (Kevei et al., 2011), we named the two insertional alleles cdc20.1-3 (CS369798) and cdc20.1-4 (CS369975). We found that homozygo ...
... fourth and the fifth exon, respectively (Supplemental Figure 1A). To distinguish these two alleles from the two previously identified weak alleles of cdc20.1-1 and cdc20.1-2 (Kevei et al., 2011), we named the two insertional alleles cdc20.1-3 (CS369798) and cdc20.1-4 (CS369975). We found that homozygo ...
PCTpc201500834rar1_pap_plantcell 1..16
... fourth and the fifth exon, respectively (Supplemental Figure 1A). To distinguish these two alleles from the two previously identified weak alleles of cdc20.1-1 and cdc20.1-2 (Kevei et al., 2011), we named the two insertional alleles cdc20.1-3 (CS369798) and cdc20.1-4 (CS369975). We found that homozygo ...
... fourth and the fifth exon, respectively (Supplemental Figure 1A). To distinguish these two alleles from the two previously identified weak alleles of cdc20.1-1 and cdc20.1-2 (Kevei et al., 2011), we named the two insertional alleles cdc20.1-3 (CS369798) and cdc20.1-4 (CS369975). We found that homozygo ...
A SMN missense mutation complements SMN2 restoring snRNPs
... SMA mice containing two copies of SMN2 is not detrimental, but is beneficial with mice living on average 13 days (35). The mild SMA mutation, SMN(A2G) (36), when expressed in mice with SMN2 results in mild SMA, but SMN(A2G) by itself cannot rescue Smn2/2 mice (37). SMN has a well-characterized funct ...
... SMA mice containing two copies of SMN2 is not detrimental, but is beneficial with mice living on average 13 days (35). The mild SMA mutation, SMN(A2G) (36), when expressed in mice with SMN2 results in mild SMA, but SMN(A2G) by itself cannot rescue Smn2/2 mice (37). SMN has a well-characterized funct ...
Multiple Functions for Actin during Filamentous Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
... Actin mutant strains were constructed by single-step gene replacement using donor DNA fragments containing the desired act1 allele with HIS3 integrated just downstream of the act1 coding sequence (act1-x::HIS3) and an act1D::LEU2/ACT1 heterozygous diploid as recipient. To generate the act1D::LEU2/AC ...
... Actin mutant strains were constructed by single-step gene replacement using donor DNA fragments containing the desired act1 allele with HIS3 integrated just downstream of the act1 coding sequence (act1-x::HIS3) and an act1D::LEU2/ACT1 heterozygous diploid as recipient. To generate the act1D::LEU2/AC ...
Periplasmic adaptor protein AcrA has a distinct
... and sequencing. Mutants containing acrA::aph or DacrA were complemented with wild-type acrA cloned into the low copy number vector pWKS30 (Table 2).43 There was no significant difference between the generation times or the optical density at which stationary phase occurred in minimal medium for SL13 ...
... and sequencing. Mutants containing acrA::aph or DacrA were complemented with wild-type acrA cloned into the low copy number vector pWKS30 (Table 2).43 There was no significant difference between the generation times or the optical density at which stationary phase occurred in minimal medium for SL13 ...
Nectary formation is ABC independent - Development
... 1K). The curved nature of the ridge reflects the fact that the medial and lateral stamens are not located in the same plane along the receptacle. Stomata become evident by stage 10 (Fig. 1K) followed by the first signs of cuticle formation. The presence of starch in the parenchyma cells is evident f ...
... 1K). The curved nature of the ridge reflects the fact that the medial and lateral stamens are not located in the same plane along the receptacle. Stomata become evident by stage 10 (Fig. 1K) followed by the first signs of cuticle formation. The presence of starch in the parenchyma cells is evident f ...
Identification of new components involved in shoot gravitropism in
... Figure 4.3. Root length analysis of Wt and st lines…………………………………………134 Figure 4.4. Graphical representation of root length analysis of Wt and st lines…………… 135 Figure 4.5. Graphical representation of root length analysis of selected transgenic lines…..136 Figure 4.6. Hypocotyl gravitropic responses ...
... Figure 4.3. Root length analysis of Wt and st lines…………………………………………134 Figure 4.4. Graphical representation of root length analysis of Wt and st lines…………… 135 Figure 4.5. Graphical representation of root length analysis of selected transgenic lines…..136 Figure 4.6. Hypocotyl gravitropic responses ...
DETERMINATION AND POLARITY
... sibling cells. I study this process in a system where one cell follows a strikingly different developmental program from that of its sister cells. By characterizing a mutant in which that one cell follows the same developmental program as its sisters, I can examine both the asymmetries that result i ...
... sibling cells. I study this process in a system where one cell follows a strikingly different developmental program from that of its sister cells. By characterizing a mutant in which that one cell follows the same developmental program as its sisters, I can examine both the asymmetries that result i ...
Sample Questions for Hemoglobinopathies
... -thalassemias, which present as a microcytic, hemolytic anemia in neonates, are self-limited disorders. Alpha thalassemias are symptomatic in both fetal and adult life, because the globin is common to Hgb A, A2, and F. Beta-thalassemias are not apparent at birth, because Hgb F (22) is the predo ...
... -thalassemias, which present as a microcytic, hemolytic anemia in neonates, are self-limited disorders. Alpha thalassemias are symptomatic in both fetal and adult life, because the globin is common to Hgb A, A2, and F. Beta-thalassemias are not apparent at birth, because Hgb F (22) is the predo ...
Auxin Biosynthesis and Its Role in Plant Development
... genetics studies on auxin biosynthesis were centered on analyzing trp-deficient mutants. Surprisingly, there were no differences in free IAA levels between wild-type and trp mutants (42, 69). In fact, the trp auxotroph mutants actually produced more IAA conjugates (42, 69). Consistent with the IAA me ...
... genetics studies on auxin biosynthesis were centered on analyzing trp-deficient mutants. Surprisingly, there were no differences in free IAA levels between wild-type and trp mutants (42, 69). In fact, the trp auxotroph mutants actually produced more IAA conjugates (42, 69). Consistent with the IAA me ...
Auxin Biosynthesis and Its Role in Plant Development
... genetics studies on auxin biosynthesis were centered on analyzing trp-deficient mutants. Surprisingly, there were no differences in free IAA levels between wild-type and trp mutants (42, 69). In fact, the trp auxotroph mutants actually produced more IAA conjugates (42, 69). Consistent with the IAA me ...
... genetics studies on auxin biosynthesis were centered on analyzing trp-deficient mutants. Surprisingly, there were no differences in free IAA levels between wild-type and trp mutants (42, 69). In fact, the trp auxotroph mutants actually produced more IAA conjugates (42, 69). Consistent with the IAA me ...
Tapanes-Castillo A, Weaver EJ, Smith RP, Kamei Y, Caspary T, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Slifer SH, Martin ER, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP. Neurogenetics. 2012 Feb;11(1):53-71. A modifier locus on chromosome 5 contributes to L1 cell adhesion molecule X-linked hydrocephalus in mice.
... identify markers that deviated from Mendelian segregation in F2 L1cam mutants. In addition, QTL analyses of hydrocephalic F2 L1cam mutants, as well as chi-square tests comparing mutant mice with moderate versus severe hydrocephalus, were conducted to identify candidate loci that contribute to the se ...
... identify markers that deviated from Mendelian segregation in F2 L1cam mutants. In addition, QTL analyses of hydrocephalic F2 L1cam mutants, as well as chi-square tests comparing mutant mice with moderate versus severe hydrocephalus, were conducted to identify candidate loci that contribute to the se ...
An N-terminally truncated envelope protein encoded
... Homburg, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ...
... Homburg, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ...
The Plasmodium 6-cysteine protein family in sexual and sporozoite
... introduced in the year 2000. Genome wide functional genomics studies (e.g. microarray) are able to determine the onset of gene expression of individual genes during different life cycle stages of the parasite. Even the products of these genes, the proteins could now be analyzed and attributed back t ...
... introduced in the year 2000. Genome wide functional genomics studies (e.g. microarray) are able to determine the onset of gene expression of individual genes during different life cycle stages of the parasite. Even the products of these genes, the proteins could now be analyzed and attributed back t ...
The Homothorax homeoprotein activates the nuclear localization of
... 4. P2 is homozygous lethal because of the P[lacW] insertion. The P1 homozygote has no apparent morphological defect, but imprecise excision of P[lacW] from P1 can result in lethal mutations that are allelic to P2, and also allelic to hth and dorsotonal (dtl) mutations (Jürgens et al. 1984; Salzberg ...
... 4. P2 is homozygous lethal because of the P[lacW] insertion. The P1 homozygote has no apparent morphological defect, but imprecise excision of P[lacW] from P1 can result in lethal mutations that are allelic to P2, and also allelic to hth and dorsotonal (dtl) mutations (Jürgens et al. 1984; Salzberg ...
PDF
... wild-type heart-stage embryos is expressed throughout the cotyledon primordia (Long and Barton, 1998; Schoof et al., 2000), was detected around the whole apical circumference of gnom embryos (Fig. 1D,H), and was mainly restricted to the epidermis. This aberrant marker expression reflects the failure ...
... wild-type heart-stage embryos is expressed throughout the cotyledon primordia (Long and Barton, 1998; Schoof et al., 2000), was detected around the whole apical circumference of gnom embryos (Fig. 1D,H), and was mainly restricted to the epidermis. This aberrant marker expression reflects the failure ...
Peer Review Report
... 3. Line #290-291: Authors should ascertain whether the reduction of shoot regeneration in the esr1 mutant is because of the sheer reduction in the amount of callus formation. This can be done by careful correlation between amount of callus formed and number of shoot regenerated. 4. In the esr1 muta ...
... 3. Line #290-291: Authors should ascertain whether the reduction of shoot regeneration in the esr1 mutant is because of the sheer reduction in the amount of callus formation. This can be done by careful correlation between amount of callus formed and number of shoot regenerated. 4. In the esr1 muta ...
Mutations affecting development of the notochord in zebrafish
... Johnson et al., 1994a; Roelink et al., 1994). Other peptide growth factors, such as bone morphogenic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7 have also been found to be expressed in the notochord (Lyons et al., 1995). Taken together these data point to the importance of the notochord, not only for the structural in ...
... Johnson et al., 1994a; Roelink et al., 1994). Other peptide growth factors, such as bone morphogenic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7 have also been found to be expressed in the notochord (Lyons et al., 1995). Taken together these data point to the importance of the notochord, not only for the structural in ...
Mir-92 microRNA precursor family
The miR-92 microRNAs are short single stranded non-protein coding RNA fragments initially discovered incorporated into an RNP complex with a proposed role of processing RNA molecules and further RNP assembly. Mir-92 has been mapped to the human genome as part of a larger cluster at chromosome 13q31.3, where it is 22 nucleotides in length but exists in the genome as part of a longer precursor sequence. There is an exact replica of the mir-92 precursor on the X chromosome. MicroRNAs are endogenous triggers of the RNAi pathway which involves several ribonucleic proteins (RNPs) dedicated to repressing mRNA molecules via translation inhibition and/or induction of mRNA cleavage. miRNAs are themselves matured from their long RNA precursors by ribonucleic proteins as part of a 2 step biogenesis mechanism involving RNA polymerase 2.Most miRNAs are grouped into clusters in the human genome or within families that share functions, expression profiles, promotors, or are incorporated into the same ribonucleic protein. The purpose of having a variety of miRNAs in a single piece of RNA processing machinery is to act as complementary strands to the recognition elements of a variety of target RNA molecules.The recognition elements of target mRNAs are typically within the 3' untranslated regions and with 678 human miRNAs and 472 mouse miRNAs confidently identified so far (miRBASE) there are extensive efforts taking place using bioinformatics tools to scan genomes for potential recognition elements for families of miRNAs in order to identify potential target genes.Mir-92 is no exception and currently identified gene targets have been among those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell signalling, and thus necessary during all stages of mammalian development and essential for the proliferation of cells. miRNAs can be oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes depending on their targets while mir-92 has been implicated as the former in leukaemia forms AML and ALL, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and several other cancers.The search for noninvasive tools for diagnosis and management of cancer is extremely important for reducing the worldwide health burden of cancer. miRNAs show potential as biomarkers and can even be found circulating in the serum. Some circulating miRNAs are specific to tumour patients, while miR-92 on the other-hand is present in healthy individuals in the serum, but levels are variable and appear to change in response to the onset of some cancers.