Download Cells A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living

Cells
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms. Cells arise from pre-existing
cells. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Unicellular Organisms
Multicellular Organisms
Cells contain organelles. Organelles are structures within the cell that have a specific function.
Examples of organelles include:
Prokaryotic Cells
vs.
Eukaryotic Cells
The organelles in a cell have specific jobs, and their activities are coordinated to maintain
homeostasis. Not all cells have all the same organelles. Example: Chloroplasts
Organelle and
Physical Description
Function
Life Process performed
by organelle
Other Information
Cytoplasm
Contains many dissolved substances such
as:
Cell Membrane
(Plasma Membrane)
The cell membrane is semi-permeable,
which means that only certain substances
can move into or out of the cell.
Nucleus
Only present in eukaryotic cells. The DNA of
prokaryotic cells floats freely in the
cytoplasm.
The chromosomes (DNA) contain the
genetic information (genes) of the cell or
organism.
DNA contains hereditary information,
instructions for protein synthesis and
controls the actions of the cell.
Organelle and
Physical Description
Function
Life Process performed
by organelle
Other Information
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
SER is like a conveyor belt
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
RER is like an assembly line at a factory.
Ribosomes
Assembles amino acids to form proteins.
Composed of rRNA
Mitochondria
The MIGHTY Mitochondrion is the
powerhouse of the cell
Aerobic Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Æ Energy + 6 H2O + 6 CO2
Organelle and
Physical Description
Chloroplasts
Function
Life Process performed
by organelle
Other Information
Photosynthesis
6 H2O + 6 CO2 Æ C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Golgi Bodies
(Golgi Apparatus)
The golgi bodies are like FedEx or UPS for
the cell.
Vacuoles
Special kinds of vacuoles:
Contractile vacuoles, Large Central Vacuole
and Plastids
Lysosomes
Lysosomes break down food, worn out
organelles or pathogens using hydrolytic
enzymes.
Organelle and
Physical Description
Function
Life Process performed
by organelle
Other Information
Centrioles
Only found in animal cells. Not present in
plant cells.
Flagella & Cilia
Flagella and cilia are extensions of the
cytoskeleton that go beyond the cell
membrane.
Cytoskeleton
Composed of protein formed into
microtubules. Provides a scaffold to move
organelles and materials around inside the
cell.
Cell Wall
Cell walls will exist after a cell dies. Other
organelles break down, the cell wall does
not.
Composed of a complex carbohydrate called
cellulose.