Download Day 1 PPT

Abnormal Behavior
AP Psych Unit 12
DO NOW
• Pick up an orange handout from the
podium.
• Choose a partner and find a pen or pencil
• Wait for directions 
CASE STUDY WALKABOUT
• WITH YOUR PARTNER, YOU WILL WALK ABOUT AND READ THE CASE
STUDIES THROUGOHUT THE CLASSROOM.
• Note the case study # and write info on that row of your orange
handout
• You do not have to go in any particular order…just go to any
available case study and read it
• USING YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE, YOU WILL NOTE SYMPTOMS.
• READ EACH CASE STUDY ALOUD, DISCUSS SYMPTOMS AND MAKE
AN EDCUATED GUESS AS TO WHAT EACH DISORDER MAY BE.
• YOU HAVE 30 MINUTES TO COMPLETE AS MANY AS POSSIBLE*
• Note: do not have to finish all, just be thorough.
To study the abnormal is the best way
of understanding the normal.
-William James
1.THERE ARE 450 MILLION PEOPLE
SUFFERING FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS (WHO, 2004).
1.DEPRESSION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
EXIST IN ALL CULTURES OF THE WORLD.
People are fascinated by the exceptional, the
unusual, the abnormal. This fascination can be
due to two reasons:
1.During various moments we feel, think and act like
an abnormal individual.
1.Psychological disorders may bring unexplained
physical symptoms, irrational fears, and suicidal
thoughts to light and help make sense of them.
Mental health workers view psychological
disorders as persistently harmful thoughts,
feelings and action.
When behavior is deviant, distressful, and
dysfunctional (and dangerous)
psychiatrists and psychologists label it as
disordered (Comer, 2004).
1.Deviant -- goes against
the norm of behavior (may
be abnormal in one culture,
but normal in another)
2.Distressful – cause the
person (or others)
distress…it disturbs them
3.Dysfunctional – must
cause dysfunction in the
person’s life (alter daily life)
4.Dangerous – cause harm
to self or others
5. Unjustifiable – not reasonable
Carol
Beckwith
In Wodaabe tribe men wear
costumes to attract women. In
Western society this would be
considered abnormal.
(Mis)Understanding Disorders
Trephination
• Exorcism
• Imprisoned/Caged
• Beaten
• Burned
• Castrated/Mutilated
• Sterilized
HITSORICAL
PERSPECTIVES:
Demonology
Hippocrates
Understanding Disorders – Which
School?
• Psychoanalytic
• Product of unconscious
conflicts among id, ego, &
superego
• Behavioral
• Learned
• Biological
• Humanistic
• Person’s feelings, selfesteem & self-concept
• Cognitive
• Faulty, illogical & negative
ways of thinking
• Caused by hormonal
or chemical
imbalances, structural
differences, or
inherited
predispositions.
Assumes that biological, socio-cultural, and
psychological factors combine and interact to
produce psychological disorders.
When physicians discovered that syphilis led to
mental disorders, the medical model started
looking at physical causes of these disorders.
1.Etiology: Causation and development of the
disorder.
2.Diagnosis: Identifying (symptoms) and
distinguishing one disease from another.
3.Treatment: Treating a disorder in a psychiatric
hospital.
4.Prognosis: Forecast about the disorder.
DSM CATEGORIES OF DISORDERS
• Anxiety Disorders
• Somatoform Disorders
• Dissociative Disorders
• Mood or Affective Disorders
• Schizophrenic Disorders
• Personality Disorders
• Substance abuse disorders
• Disorders usually diagnosed in childhood
AXES OF THE DSM
• Axes of the DSM
1. primary problem (e.g. bipolar disorder)
2. related personality characteristics (e.g. pessimism)
3. medical conditions (e.g. cancer)
4. social/environmental factors (e.g. divorce)
5. global assessment of functioning
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF “PRIMARY PROBLEMS” IN
DSM
• disorders usually diagnosed in infancy
• delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders
• substance-related disorders
• schizophrenia
• mood disorders
• anxiety disorders
• eating disorders
• somatoform disorders
• dissociative disorders
• sexual/gender identity disorders
• impulse control disorders
• personality disorders
Classifying Disorders
DSM 5 (2013)
• Outlines symptoms &
conditions by which
mental illness is
diagnosed
• Axis system discontinued
• Replaced with 0-4 severity
ratings
• Renamed, re-organized,
new disorders
• Video – What DSM 5
Means
1.Describe (400) disorders.
2.Indicate how prevalent the disorder is.
Disorders outlined by DSM-IV-TR are reliable
thus diagnosis by different professional are
similar…keeps all psychologists on the same
page.
Others criticize DSM-IV-TR for “putting any kind
of behavior within the compass of psychiatry.”
PROBLEMS WITH THE DSM
• over diagnosis, confusion with non-disordered behaviors (e.g.
controversy over ADHD)
o there are standards and criteria behaviors must meet in order to be
included in the DSM, operational definitions for disorders are
included, and the document is periodically reviewed
• negative effects of labeling (see the Rosenhan study, 1973)
o the psychological community tries to educate people to reduce the
stigma associated with labels
• “illusion” of subjectivity (Thomas Szasz’s objections)
o reliability studies indicate that the DSM increases the reliability of
diagnoses. Culture-bound disorders are included in the latest DSM.
MATERIALS FOR UNIT 8
• Reading guide—READING GUIDE 8A due
next class
• Overview, schedule and vocab. Note VOCAB
QUIZ DATES!
• Psych disorders review—use daily
w/reading guide and/or with class activities.
Due at end of unit.
• Sign ups for AP Exam
Classifications & Labels
• Labels stigmatize
individuals
• Rosenhan Study
• Labels used incorrectly
• Helpful for healthcare
professionals
• Issues in criminal system
• No “willful intent”
Warm Up
• What is the value and what are the dangers of
labeling individuals with disorders?
DSM 5 Categories
• Neurodevelopmental
• Schizophrenia Spectrum
& Other Psychotic
• Elimination
• Sleep-Wake
• Bipolar & Related
• Sexual Dysfunctions
• Depressive
• Paraphilic Disorders
• Anxiety
• Disruptive, Impulse
Control & Conduct
• Obsessive-Compulsive &
Related
• Trauma & StressorRelated
• Dissociative
• Substance Use &
Addictive
• Neurocognitive
• Personality
Anxiety Disorders
Characteristics
Subtypes
• Feelings of
excessiveAnxiety
• Generalized
apprehension &
• Panic Disorder
anxiety or
• Phobias
maladaptive
behaviors
that
• Social
Anxiety
reduce anxiety.
• Agoraphobia
FORMER Anxiety Disorders
OCD & Related
• Obsession – thought
• Compulsion
• PTSD
- Haunting
behavior nightmares,
memories,
social withdrawal,
anxiety, numbness,
insomnia following
traumatic experience.
Trauma & Stress-Related
• Body Dysmorphic
• Acute
Stress Disorder
• Trichotillomania
&
Excoriation
• Adjustment
Disorder
Explaining Anxiety Disorders
LEARNING
• Fear Conditioning
• Natural Selection
• Observational
Learning
• Genes
BIOLOGICAL
• The
Brain
• Cognition
• Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Depressive Disorders
• Serious, persistent
disturbances in
person’s emotions.
Characterized by
emotional extremes
• Major Depressive
• Seasonal Affective
• Premenstrual
Dysphoric
• Disruptive Mood
Bipolar Disorders
• Mood disorder with
alterations between
the hopelessness
and lethargy or
depression & the
overexcited state of
mania
• Bipolar I
• Bipolar II
Explaining Mood Disorders
BIOLOGICAL
• Genetic Influences
• Self-defeating beliefs
• Depressed Brain
SOCIAL-COGNITIVE
• Serotonin (too little)
• Negative
• (Nor &)Epinephrine
(too
“explanatory
styles”
little)
• Stable, global, internal =
• Dopamine (too
little)
depression
vs…
• Acetylcholine (too much)
Schizophrenia
• Disorganized and
delusional thinking,
disturbed perceptions,
and inappropriate
emotions & behaviors
• Psychosis – loss of
contact w/reality “split
mind”
• Positive/Negative
Symptoms
• Delusions – false beliefs
• Persecution
• Grandeur
• Hallucinations – false
sensory experiences
• Fragmented thought
• Inappropriate emotions
• Disorganized speech
(word salad)
• Catatonia – purposeless
Explaining Schizophrenia
• Brain Abnormalities
• Psychological &
Environmental
• Dopamine Overactivity
Factors
• Abnormal Activity
• Abnormal Structure
• Maternal Virus (Flu)
2nd Trimester
• Diathesis-stress
model: Genetic
predisposition
increases risk –
stressful life
experience triggers
episode
Dissociative Disorder
• Conscious
awareness becomes
separated
(dissociated) from
previous memories,
thoughts, and
feelings.
• Dissociative
Amnesia
• Fugue State
• Dissociative Identity
Somatic Disorders
• Physical complaints
or conditions caused
by psychological
factors.
• Functional
Neurological
Symptom
(Conversion)
Personality Disorders
• Inflexible and enduring
behavior patterns that
impair social
functioning.
• Antisocial PD
• Borderline PD
• ObsessiveCompulsive PD
• Avoidant PD
• Schizoid PD
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Conditions with
onset in childhood &
adolescence due to
abnormal neural
circuit development
• Intellectual Disability
• Dysfunctions in
cognition, learning,
• Motor/Tic Disorders
• Autism Spectrum
• AD/HD
• Communication
Disorders
• Specific Learning
http://holinergroup.com/news/mental-illness-infographic/
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Closure
RISK FACTORS
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
For Next Time
HOMEWORK
PREPWORK
• Vocab Cards