Download The Beginnings of the Global Age

The Beginnings of the
Global Age
World History
Motivation for Exploring the Seas
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Europeans had traded
with Asia for years.
The Crusades had
created overland trade
routes in the 1200’s and
the 1300’s that led to
Europe.
These were overland
routes and were
controlled by Arab and
Italian traders.
Other Europeans wanted
new routes to Asia.
Overland Trade Routes Before the
Age of Exploration
Many Europeans Feared the Sea
Beyond What They Knew
What were Europeans Looking
for?
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Europeans were looking
for luxury items, most
importantly spices.
Spices were used to
preserve food, add flavor
to meat, and make
medicines and perfumes.
The chief source of
spices was the
Moluccas, which the
Europeans called the
Spice Islands.
Portugal Leads the Way
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Prince Henry the
Navigator leads the way
in exploring Africa and
Asia.
He looked to Africa in
particular. He also
looked for a sea route to
Asia.
He thought that Africa
held the riches that the
Muslim traders controlled.
He also thought he could
convert Africans to
Catholicism.
Henry Leads Explorers
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Henry gathers all the
bests cartographers
(map makers),
scientists, and other
experts in the city of
Sagres.
In Sagres, they
redesign ships,
prepare maps, and
train captains and
crews.
Bartholomeu Dias rounds the Tip
of Africa
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Bartholomeu Dias is a
Portuguese explorer.
He is the first person
to round the tip of
Africa.
He calls it the Cape of
Good Hope because
it opened the way for
a sea route to Asia.
Vasco da Gama Reaches India
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Vasco da Gama sails all
the way around Africa and
reaches India.
On the trip home, he lost
half of his ships and men
died of hunger, thirst, and
scurvy.
However, his trip was very
profitable.
He returned to Calicut,
India and began a trading
empire for Portugal.
Columbus Sails WEST.
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Christopher Columbus is
an Italian navigator who
knew the world was
round.
He believed that a few
weeks of sailing west
would bring him to Asia.
He drastically
underestimated the size
of the earth and had no
idea there were two
continents in his way.
Columbus’s Voyage Begins
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Italy refuses to sponsor
Columbus, but Ferdinand
and Isabella of Spain
finance his journey.
They hope to gain wealth
and prestige for Spain.
Columbus sets off with
just three small ships.
Columbus reached the
Caribbean and believed
he was in Asia.
He made four journeys in
all to the New World.
The Globe is Divided in Half
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Ferdinand and Isabella go to
the pope and put dibs on their
claims.
The pope creates a Line of
Demarcation that splits the
world between Spain and
Portugal.
This was ratified in the Treaty
of Tordesillas.
Obviously, this could never be
enforced.
Spain had control of everything
west of the line and Portugal
had control over everything to
the East.
The Western Hemisphere is
Named.
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Amerigo Vespucci is an
Italian Sea Captain.
He led a journey to Brazil.
A map was made by a
friend of his and the
entire area was called
America.
Obviously, the name
stuck.
The islands Columbus
explored became the
West Indies.
Europeans Search for a Direct
Route to Asia
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Explorers search for a
“Northwest Passage”
that will connect the
Atlantic and Pacific
through North America.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
went overland through
Panama and reached the
Pacific Ocean. He
named it the South Sea.
Magellan Circumnavigates the
World
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Magellan sails around
South America and
reaches the South
Sea, which he
renames the Pacific
Ocean.
He goes through the
Strait of Magellan to
reach the Pacific.
Magellan’s Voyage Continues
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Magellan believes he will
reach the East Indies in
Asia in three more
weeks. He keeps going
West.
Four months later, they
reach the Philippines,
where Magellan is killed.
Three years after setting
out, one ship and 18 men
reach Spain.
They are the first to
circumnavigate, or sail
around, the world.
New Technologies in
Navigation
The Portolan Map
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Portolan Maps are
designed to be used
with magnetic
compasses.
Lines radiated out
from compass points
and helped navigators
to find their way to
key ports.
The Magnetic Compass
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The Chinese had used
compasses for centuries.
They are used regularly
by Europeans beginning
in the 1400’s.
An iron needle is
magnetized by a
lodestone, and then the
needle points to magnetic
north.
The Astrolabe
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An astrolabe is a tool
that is used to
determine a ships
latitude.
This helped explorers
to navigate and chart
effective courses.
Navigators pointed it
at a star or the sun
and could determine
latitude from there.
The Caravel
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The Caravel was a new
ship developed in the
1400’s.
It was small and fast and
could easily be
maneuvered in shallow
waters.
It could also travel very
long distances, making it
perfect for the Age of
Exploration.