Download APUS Ch.1 Study Guide III

Chapter 1 Study Guide III
“New World Beginnings”
1. What theories exist as to when and how the early Americans first arrived on the North American
continent?
2. According to the textbook’s authors, what was the estimated population of the two American
continents in 1492?
3. Briefly describe the Aztec society that existed prior to the arrival of Europeans
4. How did the cultivation of maize and the timing of its introduction into a society influence the
development of various societies in the Americas?
5. Briefly summarize some of the significant aspects of various Native American societies that existed
prior to their discovery by Europeans.
6. Map- “North American Peoples at the Time of First Contact with Europeans” (p.9)
-In what ways does a map such as this contribute to our understanding of Native
American societies?
-What deficiencies might exist in this map of which we should be aware?
7. According to the authors, what was the approximate population of North America in 1492? (p.10)
8. How did the Europeans and Native Americans differ in their relationship to the physical world?
(p.10)
9. What is meant by the term “indirect discoverers?” Who were they? Why are they labeled as
“indirect discoverers?” What group “must rank high among America’s indirect discovers?”
10. a.
b.
c.
d.
When and why did Europeans become increasingly interested in Africa?
Explain the significance of the caravel.
Briefly explain the role of the Portuguese and the significance of the plantation system.
What happened in Spain that put them in a position to start competing with Portugal?
11. How significant was Columbus’ voyage according to the authors? Provide textual evidence to
support your answer.
-“The stage was now set for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history,” “Columbus’s discovery
would eventually convulse four continents,” “the world after 1492 would never be the same.”
12. Describe the interdependent global economic system that “emerged on a scale undreamed-of”
before Columbus set sail.
-Europe provided the markets, Africa furnished the labor, and the New World provided the raw
materials
13. a. Explain the Columbian Exchange
b. Look at the chart of “The Columbian Exchange.” (p.15) Which item (other than disease) do you
think had the most significant impact on one of the three worlds?
14. How did New World bullion transform the world economy? (p.18)
15. How was the culture of Mexico influenced by the encounter with Spain?
16. How did Spain respond to the threat perceived from English and French exploration?
17. What was Popé’s Rebellion?
18. What was the Black Legend? How do the authors interpret it?
19. What main difference do the authors point out (p.22) between Spanish interaction with native
peoples and that of the English?
20. People/Places/TermsIncas
Mayans
Aztecs
Pueblos
Cahokia
Three-sister farming
Creeks, Choctaws, and Cherokees
Iroquois Confederacy
Portuguese slave trade
Vasco da Gama
Christopher Columbus
Hispaniola
Old World diseases
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Encomienda
Mestizos
Vasco Nunez Balboa
Ferdinand Magellan
Juan Ponce de Leon
Francisco Coronado
Hernando de Soto
Hernán Cortés
John Cabot
Giovanni da Verrazano
Robert de La Salle
Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo
Father Junipero Serra