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Biomolecules and Enzymes Test Review Date_____________________ Period______ I. Organic molecules—all contain the element CARBON. The three most common elements in the human body are CARBON, HYDROGEN and OXYGEN A. Carbohydrates (What do they LOOK like?) shaped like a hexagon a. Monomer: monosaccharide i. Examples: glucose and fructose b. Polymer: polysaccharide i. Examples in plants: starch and cellulose ii. In animals: glycogen c. Function: energy storage B. Proteins (What do they LOOK like?) (Shape determined by sequence of amino acids) a. Monomer: amino acids b. Polymer:polymer c. Function: _transport, structure, hormones d. What does an amino group look like? –NH2 e. What does a carboxyl group look like? -COOH f. What are the bonds called that link together a protein’s building blocks? Peptide bonds. C. Lipids (What do they LOOK like?) (Are they polar or nonpolar?) (Can they dissolve in water— yes/no? If no, where will they dissolve? In oil) a. Monomer: glycerol and fatty acids b. Polymer: lipids c. Function: long term energy storage; building cell membranes D. Nucleic Acids a. Monomer: nucleotides b. Polymer: nucleic acids c. Function: carry hereditary information d. Name 2 nucleic acids: DNA and RNA E. The process of forming a larger molecule from smaller, repeating subunits is called dehydration synthesis OR condensation F. The process of splitting a larger molecule into its smaller, repeating subunits is called hydrolysis II. Enzymes a. What is another name for enzymes? Biological catalysts b. Label the parts of an enzyme/substrate reaction: C c. What is the name for the place on an enzyme where the substrate binds? Active site d. How do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction? Lower the activation energy necessary for reaction; they bind to substrate and weaken the bonds e. Name three things that affect the rate of an enzyme/substrate reaction: i. temperature ii. pH iii. concentration of Enzyme and/or concentration of substrate f. Enzymes are most often proteins_ (organic molecule). g. In the diagram below, which of the graphs shows an enzyme catalyzed reaction, and how do you know? 2nd graph—line C. Activation energy is lowest!
