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Psychological Disorders Psychology 1107 Why study disorders? Disorders are pretty pervasive Help us understand normal folks 400 million people worldwide Schizophrenia and depression are culture free Maybe disordered have too much or too little of something They are sick, HELP THEM! What is a disorder To understand and study disorders we must first define what disordered means Atypical Disturbing Maladaptive Unjustifiable Varies culturally Varies temporally Harm is the key really Where do disorders come from? Evil! Remove blood, hair teeth, that ought to take care of it…. QuickTi me™ and a TIFF ( Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see thi s pi ctur e. Drill a hole in the skull…. Medical Perspective Pinel realized it wasn’t demons Stressors, inhumane treatment Syphilis Still a pretty popular idea Brain problems Schizophrenia and depression are treated with drugs Bio Psycho Social Perspective Interaction of nature and nurture While schizophrenia and depression are universal, others are not So say anxiety may lead to one disorder in one place and one in another Pretty popular approach nowadays Classify Have to know the overall characteristics of a disorder DSM Doesn’t please everyone Doesn’t talk about causes Neurotic vs. psychotic disorders DSM Many categories Properly used the DSM is valid and reliable Critics say it is just labeling Rosenhan (1973) More and more people seem to understand the idea of it being more like sickness A warning… This system is for trained professionals Please do not try this at home… Anxiety disorders Generalized anxiety disorders, phobias, OCD GAD is also known as ‘free floating anxiety’ Cam escalate into a panic attack Scary Avoid situations agoraphobia Phobias Anxiety is focused on some object or situation Can be incapacitating Easily treated More on that in another lecture…. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Many of us can see a bit of OCD in ourselves When it interferes with daily life, that is when it becomes a problem So where do OCD and GAD come from? Learning Evolutionary explanations Dissociaciative disorders Amnesia Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD) Only in America…. May not really even exist Mood disorders We all have bad days, but not like this Major depressive disorder involves Lethargy Loss of interest in everything Feelings of worthlessness Not just being sad Dysthimic disorder is a minor version Bipolar disorder From depression to mania Grandiose optimism Too much esteem No sex differences Some key depressing facts.. Cognitive changes Depression is widespread Sex differences Usually short lived Stressful events before onset Rate increasing, age of onset decreasing Biology Clear genetic effects NE and 5Ht correlate with mood Most drugs that are effective operate on these systems Social cognitive approach Self defeating moods and thoughts Thoughts feed moods Moods feed thoughts Aww what’s the use…. Schizophrenia IS NOT MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER It is disordered thinking It is distorted perceptions It is inappropriate emotins and actions Can be chronic or acute Types Positive and negative symptoms Paranoid Disorganized Catatonic undifferentiated Why? Not social Genetic Biological Dopamine is the key Personality disorders Debilitating personality, not just annoying Borderline Narcissistic Histrionic Antisocial Psychopath or sociopath Rates About 30 % of people have had a disorder, about 20 % have one right now Remember this includes phobias, drug problems Two times higher under the poverty line Something has to be done