Download Mental Disorders

Mental
Disorders
Schizophrenia
Paranoid schizophrenia. The most common
type of schizophrenia. Have frightening
thoughts and hear threatening voices, which
causes them to act afraid or to argue with
other people. May attack other people or
objects in their surroundings out of fear. This
type often develops later in life than other
types of schizophrenia.
Disorganized schizophrenia = rare but is
the most serious type of schizophrenia. Have
this type have unpredictable behaviors; act
silly and giggle for no apparent reason. They
often make up words and sentences that
make no sense to other people. And they
often do not show facial expressions.
MOOD DISORDERS
Bipolar (Manic Depressive)
• Mania symptoms may include excessive
happiness, excitement, irritability,
restlessness, increased energy, less need
for sleep, racing thoughts, high sex drive,
and a tendency to make grand and
unattainable plans
• Depression symptoms may include
sadness, anxiety, irritability, loss of energy,
uncontrollable crying, change in appetite
causing weight loss or gain, increased need
for sleep, difficulty making decisions, and
thoughts of death or suicide.
MOOD DISORDERS
Major Depressive Disorder (around 15 million Americans)
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Feelings of sadness or unhappiness
Irritability or frustration, even over small matters
Loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities
Insomnia or excessive sleeping
Changes in appetite — depression often causes
decreased appetite and weight loss
Agitation or restlessness
Irritability or angry outbursts
Indecisiveness, distractibility and decreased
concentration
Fatigue, tiredness and loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
fixating on past failures or blaming yourself
Frequent thoughts of death, dying or suicide
Crying spells for no apparent reason
Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or
headaches
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Multiple Personalities
A severe form of dissociation
A mental process, which produces a lack of
connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings,
actions, or sense of identity.
DID is characterized by the presence of two or more
distinct or split identities or personality states that
continually have power over the person's behavior.
With DID, there's also an inability to recall key
personal information that is too far-reaching to be
explained as mere forgetfulness.
DID is usually triggered from a some form of severe
trauma (coping mechanism).
EATING DISORDERS
Anorexia Nervosa
Psychological:
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Having an intense fear of gaining weight
Restricting food or types of food
Seeing your body as overweight
Not wanting to talk about food
Physical:
•Weighing less than 85% of your expected body
weight
•Exercising too much
•Thinning hair, dry skin, and brittle nails.
EATING DISORDERS
Bulimia Nervosa:
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Eating uncontrollably followed by purging**
Vomiting or abusing laxatives or diuretics
Using the bathroom frequently after meals
Excessive exercising
Preoccupation with body weight
Dental problems
Sore throat
Heartburn, indigestion, bloating
Irregular periods
Weakness, exhaustion, bloodshot eyes
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
•1 in 10 American suffer from PTSD (3.5 % of
Americans)
•Flashbacks - take the person out of reality
•Emotional detachment - hard time being caring
towards others, avoid activities, places, and
people associated with the traumatic event
•Jumpiness -noise would make them practically
"jump out of their skin“ is known as a hyperactive
startle reflex
Personality Disorders
Paranoid
• Doubt the commitment, loyalty, or trustworthiness of
others
• Are reluctant to confide in others or reveal personal
information due to a fear that the information will be
used against them
• Are unforgiving and hold grudges
• Are hypersensitive and take criticism poorly
• Perceive attacks on their character that are not
apparent to others; they generally react with anger and
are quick to retaliate
• Have recurrent suspicions, without reason, that their
spouses or lovers are being unfaithful
• Are generally cold and distant in their relationships with
others, and might become controlling and jealous
• Cannot see their role in problems or conflicts and
believe they are always right
• Are hostile, stubborn, and argumentative
Personality Disorders
Borderline PD
• Intense emotions and mood swings.
• Harmful, impulsive behaviors: substance abuse,
binge eating, out-of-control spending, or reckless
driving.
• Relationship problems: no middle ground; either
"good" or "bad" and this may shift from one view
to the other suddenly, for minor reasons.
• Low self-worth and feeling empty inside
• A frantic fear of being left alone (abandoned). This
fear may lead to frantic attempts to hold on to
people.
• Aggressive behavior.
• Problems with anger, such as violent temper
tantrums.
• Hurting one’s self, such as cutting or burning.
Personality Disorders
Anti-Social
• Have no regard for right and wrong
• Often violate the law and the rights of
others, landing in frequent trouble or
conflict
• Often lie, which leads to problems with
fulfilling responsibilities to family, work or
school
• Antisocial personality disorder is
sometimes known as sociopathic
personality disorder
ANXIETY DISORDERS (15 million Americans)
Phobia = is a lasting and unreasonable fear caused by
the presence and/or thought of a specific object or
situation that usually poses little or no actual danger
• Animal phobias: fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice.
Animal phobias are the most common specific phobias.
• Situational phobias: fear of specific situations, such as
flying, riding in a car or on public transportation,
driving, going over bridges or in tunnels, or of being in a
closed-in place, like an elevator.
• Natural environment phobias: Examples include the
fear of storms, heights, or water.
• Blood-injection-injury phobias: These involve a fear of
being injured, of seeing blood or of invasive medical
procedures, such as blood tests or injections
• Other phobias: These include a fear of falling down, a
fear of loud sounds, and a fear of costumed characters,
such as clowns.
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
• Feel worried and stressed about many
everyday events and activities.
• Often the things worried about are small
or not important and disrupts most days.
• Have physical symptoms, such as
headaches or being tired all the time
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors
• Plagued by recurring and distressing thoughts, fears, or
images (obsessions)
• The anxiety (nervousness) produced by these thoughts
leads to a need to perform certain rituals or routines
(compulsions)
• The compulsive rituals are performed in an attempt to
prevent the obsessive thoughts or make them go away
• Although the ritual may temporarily stop the anxiety,
the person must perform the ritual again when the
obsessive thoughts return
• This OCD cycle can progress to the point of taking up
hours of the person's day and significantly interfering
with normal activities
• People with OCD may be aware that their obsessions
and compulsions are senseless or unrealistic, but they
cannot stop them
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Panic Disorders (Panic Attacks)
• A feeling of intense fear, terror, or anxiety
• Trouble breathing or very fast breathing
• Chest pain or tightness
• A heartbeat that races or isn't regular.
• Nausea or an upset stomach
• Dizziness, shaking, numbness, tingling or
sweating
• Repeated panic attacks when there is no
reason for the fight-or-flight response
• Changing your daily activities because you
worry that you will have another attack