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PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS DSM -IV AP PSYCHOLOGY MS. NELSON DSM-IV • Official diagnostic manual for mental issues • International and USA • Published by American Psychiatric Association • New one published (DSM-V) in 2012 • Expensive • Changes AXIS I • List clinical disorders • Complex detail of possible disorders • Can be more than one disorder • Must be justified • Principle diagnosis AXIS II • Personality disorders • Mental retardation • Intellectually disabling issues • Must be separated from diagnosis AXIS III • General medical conditions • Sever allergies, diabetes, injuries • May be separate or may effect behavior AXIS IV • Environmental issues • Living conditions • Psychosocial issues • Family problems • May affect mental state AXIS V • Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) • Clinician assigned score • Continuum of 0-100 • 100 being superior functioning • 70 known as mild symptoms • 20 danger of hurting self or others • Based on mental health only DSM CLASSIFICATION • Number system • Severity specified during diagnosis • Mild • Moderate • severe • If criteria is no longs met • In Partial Remission • In Full Remission • Prior History CHILDHOOD DIAGNOSIS • Infancy, childhood or puberty • Retardation and Learning Disorders • Motor skill or Communication Disorders • Autistic/Asperger’s Continuum • Feeding/Elimination • ADD/ADHD • Tick Disorders COGNITIVE DISORDERS • Delirium, dementia, amnestic • Physical deterioration of brain • Aging or disease • Effect of alcoholism, drug addiction • Toxic substances • Inability to “think straight” (delirium) • Loss of memory (dementia) SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS • Caused by dependence on chemicals • Dependence vs. abuse • Drugs, alcohol, stimulants, tobacco • Behavior & addiction of specific drug • Behavior related to the addiction process SCHIZOPHRENIA & PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS • Severe abnormalities in behavior that interfere with daily functioning • Thinking, perception, movement, motivation, emotion • Delusions: • Inflated power or worth • Persecution, cheated, followed • Spectrum of intensity MOOD DISORDERS • Affective disorders • Severe disturbances in mood • Depression • Mania • Over-excitement • Manic depression/bipolar • Alternating episodes of depression & mania ANXIETY DISORDERS • Unrealistic fears or phobia • Generalized feelings of dread • Panic attach-physical chemical reaction • Obsessive compulsive behavior • rituals of thought or actions • Used to control anxiety • Often caused by traumatic event SOMATOFORM DISORDERS • Physical symptoms with no apparent physical cause • Hypochondriac: unusual preoccupation with health • Pain disorder • Example: blindness, paralysis FACTITIOUS DISORDERS • Intentional false mental or physical disorder • Under the person’s control • Used to meet a psychological need • To assume the role of a “sick person” • To avoid responsibilities or financial gain DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER • Psychologically caused problems of • Consciousness • Self-identification • Loss of memory • Amnesia • Development of more than one identity • Multiple personality SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY • Unusual objects or situations sexually arousing • Fetish: baby carriages, shoes • Exhibitionism • Pedophilia, sadism • Unsatisfactory sexual activity • Dysfunction, addiction, pain • Gender identity issues • sexuality • Roles and behavior • Changes in DSM EATING DISORDERS • Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa • Binging • Connection to trauma • Brain chemistry SLEEP DISORDERS • Problems with sleep/wake cycle • Seasonal Affective Disorder • Narcolepsy • Breathing related sleep disorder • Parasomnias • Night terror, nightmares • Sleepwalking IMPULSE CONTROL • Compulsive behavior • Gambling • Kleptomania: stealing • Pyromania: arson • Trichotillomania: pulling out hair • Thrill seeking • Chemical reaction ADJUSTMENT DISORDER • Failure to adjust to life events • Divorce, financial problems, family discord • Emotions and depression • Cause and effect • Symptoms do NOT represent grieving stages PERSONALITY DISORDERS • Enduring patterns of inner experience of behavior that deviates from social culture • Cognition of self and others • Affectivity: range, intensity, appropriateness • Interpersonal functioning • Impulse control • Must exhibit at least two of the above CLUSTER A-BEGINNING IN EARLY ADULTHOOD • Paranoid • Distrust/suspiciousness of others • Interpreted as malevolent behavior • Schizoid • Detachment for social relationships • Restricted range of expressions of emotions • Schizotypal • Social/interpersonal deficits • Eccentric behavior CLUSTER B-PUBERTY ONSET • Antisocial • Disregard for and violation of the rights of others • Borderline • Instability of interpersonal relationships & selfimage • Histrionic • Excessive emotionality and attention seeking • Narcissistic • Grandiose need for admiration, lack of empathy CLUSTER C-CHILDHOOD ONSET • Avoidant • Social inhibition, hypersensitive, feelings of inadequacy • Dependent • Need to be taken care of, clinging behavior, fears • Obsessive-compulsive • Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, control, lack of flexibility PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTIVE HEALTH • Problems related to abuse or neglect • Relational issues • Medication induced • True physical problems • Headaches, high blood pressure, muscle ache • Caused or worsened by psychological factors • Anxiety or worry BIBLIOGRAPHY • DSM IV, American Psychiatric Association. 1994.