Download Notes Part 1 (10 pts)

Unit 6 Notes, Part 1: Classical Conditioning
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UCSCS-
Classical Conditioning: _______________________ responses to ______________ stimuli
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and
____________________--triggers a response
Unconditioned Response (UCR): unlearned, natural response to the unconditioned stimulus
(UCS)
o salivation when food is in the mouth
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): after __________________ with unconditioned stimulus (UCS),
triggers a conditioned response
Conditioned Response (CR): ________________ response to a previously neutral conditioned
stimulus
Ivan Pavlov
o 1849-1936
o Russian physician/ neurophysiologist
o Nobel Prize in 1904
o studied __________________ secretions
Pavlov’s Experiment
UCRCR-
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Acquisition
o Initial stage in classical conditioning
o associate a neutral stimulus (bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food)
 So this neutral stimulus (bell) comes to elicit a conditioned response (salivate)
Extinction
o diminishing of a CR (salivation)
o in classical conditioning, when a UCS (food) does not follow a CS(bell)
Spontaneous Recovery
o reappearance of an extinguished CR (salivation with bell)
Generalization
o tendency for stimuli similar (horn) to CS (bell) to elicit similar responses (salivation)
Discrimination
o ability to distinguish between a CS (bell) and other stimuli that do not signal a UCS
(food)
Unit 6 Notes, Part 2: Operant Conditioning & Reinforcement
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Law of Effect: Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by _______________
consequences become __________ likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable
consequences become __________ likely
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
 elaborated Thorndike’s Law of Effect
 developed behavioral technology
Skinner Box
 ____________ with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a food or water
reinforcer
 contains devices to record responses
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Reinforcer: any event that ___________________ the behavior it follows
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Shaping: reinforcers guide behavior toward closer ________________ of a desired
goal
Punishment: aversive (________________) event that decreases the behavior that it follows
Continuous Reinforcement
 reinforcing the desired response _________ time it occurs
Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement
 reinforcing a response only _________ of the time
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results in _________ acquisition
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greater resistance to ____________
Fixed Ratio (FR)
 reinforces a response only after a specified ___________ of responses
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_______ you respond the more rewards you get
very high rate of responding
like piecework pay
Variable Ratio (VR)
 reinforces a response after an ______________________ number of responses
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like __________, fishing
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very hard to __________ because of unpredictability
Fixed Interval (FI)
 reinforces a response only after a specified __________ has elapsed
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response occurs more _____________ as the anticipated time for reward draws near
Variable Interval (VI)
 reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
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produces ______ steady responding
like pop quiz
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Cognitive Map: mental representation of the ____________ of one’s environment
o Example: being about to visualize your path between classes
Latent Learning: learning that occurs, but is not apparent until there is an incentive to
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______________ it
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Intrinsic Motivation: Desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be
___________
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Extrinsic Motivation: Desire to perform a behavior due to promised ________________ or
threats of punishments
Overjustification Effect
 the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already ______________ to do
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the person may now see the _________, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation
for performing the task