Download WS 8 – 3: Translation and Protein Synthesis Name

WS 8 – 3: Translation and Protein Synthesis
Name_________________________________________________
For the questions 1 - 4, use the DNA molecule below.
TACCGCTAGGATACGTGCAAATTAATT
1. What mRNA sequence molecule would be made from the strand of DNA above?
AUGGCGAUCCUAUGCACGUUUAAUUAA
2. What tRNA sequence would be complementary to the mRNA molecule produced above?
UACCGCUAGGAUACGUGCAAAUUAAUU
3. Use the genetic code in your book to tell which amino acids are formed from this molecule.
METH – ALA – ISOLEU – LEU – CYS – THR – PHE – ASP - STOP
For the questions 4 - 6, use the DNA molecule below.
TACGGGCCCAAATTTTGGACTCATCTAATT
4. What mRNA sequence molecule would be made from the strand of DNA above?
AUGCCCGGGUUUAAAACCUGAGUAGAUUAA
5. What tRNA sequence would be complementary to the mRNA molecule produced above?
U A C G G G C C C A A A U U U U A C A C U C A U C U A A UU
6. Use the genetic code in your book to tell which amino acids are formed from this molecule.
METH – PRO – GLY – PHE – LYS – THR – STOP – VAL - ASP ACID - STOP
For the questions 7 - 9, use the DNA molecule below.
TACAATCCGTTATGCCACTCATGATTAGAGTCGCGGGATT
7. What mRNA sequence molecule would be made from the strand of DNA above?
AUGUUAGGCAAUACGGUGAGUACUAAUCUCAGCGCCCUAA
8. What tRNA sequence would be complementary to the mRNA molecule produced above?
UACAAUCCGUUAUGCCACUCAUGAUUAGAGUCGCGGGAUU
9. Use the genetic code in your book to tell which amino acids are formed from this molecule.
METH – LEU – GLY – ASP – THR – VAL – SER – THR – ASP – LEU – SER – ALA – LEU
10. How many codons are in the above mRNA molecule? 13
11.__Transfer RNA (tRNA)___type of RNA that transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly
12.___________AUG________________known as the initiator codon
13._________Genetic code_____________________set of instructions that DNA and RNA use to make
proteins
14.________Anticodon____________________the 3 nucleotide sequence in tRNA that is complementary to
mRNA.
15._______Translation_________________________process by which mRNA is decoded into a protein
16._____Polypeptide (protein)________________________name for a group of amino acids bonded together
17.______UAG, UGA, UAA ____________________________name for the 3 stop codons
18.______Ribosomes________________________place in the cell where translation takes place (be specific)
19. Explain why DNA and mRNA are read 3 nucleotides at a time?
DNA and mRNA are read three nucleotides at a time in order to provide enough information to
code for the twenty essential amino acids that the human body needs. If one base coded for one
amino acid, that would only provide enough information to code for four amino acids. If two bases
equaled one amino acid, that would only provide enough information to code for sixteen amino
acids.
20. Explain the entire process of how DNA contains the code to make proteins such as hemoglobin or a protein
that controls what color your hair or eyes are. In your answer you should include information about the structure of
DNA, the process of transcription, and translation and protein synthesis.
DNA is the molecule of life. It contains genes that provide the code to make proteins that
control an organism’s functions. It is shaped like a double helix which allows it to replicate itself.
Once it divides, each cell will have identical DNA and function the same way. If the body needs
to make a particular protein in order to function, it makes a copy of the section of DNA that it
needs. This process is called transcription and a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) is
made. Transcription takes place in the nucleus and once mRNA is made, it leaves the nucleus and
heads to the ribosome in order to be translated into a protein. Once at the ribosome, translation
begins. During translation, another RNA molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA) is involved. tRNA
reads the codon of mRNA and picks up the correct amino acid in the cytoplasm and transfers it to
the ribosome and matches its anticodon with the codon of mRNA. tRNA continues to read each
codon of mRNA and bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome. At the ribosome, ribosomal
RNA (rRNA) connects one amino acid after another and joins them with a peptide bond. This
process repeats itself until the stop codons are reached. Once they are reached, a polypeptide is
made.
21. Where does process A take place in the cell?
nucleus
22. What is the process represented by A?
transcription
23. What is the process represented by B?
translation
24. Complete the table below:
Original DNA
code
mRNA copy
tRNA
anticodon
Amino Acid
TGA
GTT OR GTC
AAA
CAA
ACC
ACU
CAA OR CAG
UUU
GUU
UGG
UGA
GUU OR GUC
AAA
CAA
ACC
Threonine
Glutamine
PHENYLALANINE
VALINE
Tryptophan