Download Chapter 4 Reading Guide

Checketts
AP Psych
Name: _________________________________________________________ Period: _____ Score: _____ /175
Unit 12 Reading Guide
Abnormal Behavior (Psychological Disorders) & Treatment
Module 65: Introduction to Psychological Disorders (pg. 649-660)
1. Psychological Disorder:
2. Maladaptive:
o Example:
A. Understanding Psychological Disorders Causes
1. In earlier times, what did people think the cause of disorders were?
2. Medical Model:
3. What do psychologists who believe in the biopsychosocial approach believe is the cause of disorders?
a. What is the evidence of this belief?
B. Classifying Psychological Disorders
1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5 released in 2013):
a. What is this used for?
2. What disorders have changed in the new edition of the DSM?
3. What do critics say against the DSM?
C. Labeling Psychological Disorders
1. Summarize the layout of the Rosenhan study.
2. What can happen when we label a person with a disorder? (read this whole section before answering!)
3. Do you think your opinion of someone or the way you interact with them would change if you found out
they had a disorder? (ok to be honest—I won’t judge you!)
4. What are the benefits of diagnostic labeling?
D. Rates of Psychological Disorders
1. What percentage of adults in America suffer from a mental disorder in a given year?
2. What are 5 risk factors for mental disorders? (see Table on pg. 658)
Module 66: Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (pg. 661-670)
1. Anxiety Disorders:
2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD):
a. What does it mean that the anxiety of GAD is free-floating?
3. Panic Disorder:
4. Specific Phobia:
5. Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia):
6. Agoraphobia:
7. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD):
8. When does OCD cross the line between normal and disorder?
9. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): [NO LONGER CONSIDERED AN ANXIETY DISORDER,
categorized as “Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders”]
10. What were old names for PTSD?
2
11. What determines whether a person suffers PTSD after a traumatic event?
12. Posttraumatic Growth:
A. Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD—Causes
1. Explain how we learn fear from the learning perspective.
2. Give an example of how an anxiety disorder might have been passed down from our biological ancestors.
3. What 2 neurotransmitters might be involved in anxiety?
Module 67: Mood Disorders (pg. 671-683) [now called “Depressive Disorders & Bipolar Disorders”]
1. Mood Disorders:
2. What could be some biological reasons to developing depression after traumatic events?
3. Major-Depressive Disorder:
4. What are the 6 symptoms of depression?
5. Mania:
6. Bipolar Disorder:
7. What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?
8. Give some examples of behaviors someone would have during their manic phase.
9. Who is more at risk for depression—men or women? Explain why a difference exists.
3
10. Give 1 piece of evidence that genetics is involved in experiencing depression.
11. What neurotransmitter is scarce during depression and overabundant during mania?
12. What second neurotransmitter is also probably involved in depression?
13. Why does excessive alcohol use correlate with depression?
14. What kinds of thought patterns do people with depression have? Give at least 3 examples.
Module 68: Schizophrenia (pg. 684-692)
1. Schizophrenia:
2. Psychosis:
3. Delusions:
a. Example:
4. What is word salad?
5. Hallucinations:
a. Example:
6. Explain what it means that disorganized thoughts may result from a breakdown in selective attention.
7. What is a flat affect?
8. What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
9. What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
10. What neurotransmitter is linked to schizophrenia? Too little or too much?
4
11. What parts of the brain are effected by schizophrenia?
12. What evidence exists that schizophrenia is caused by a maternal virus during mid-pregnancy?
13. What evidence exists that schizophrenia is genetically based?
Module 69: Other Disorders (pg. 693-703)
A. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
1. Somatic Symptom Disorder (somatoform disorder):
2. Conversion Disorder:
3. Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondria):
B. Dissociative Disorders
1. Dissociative Disorders:
2. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID):
3. What was the old name for DID?
4. Why do some people believe that DID is NOT a real disorder?
5. What evidence is there that DID IS a real disorder?
C. Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia Nervosa:
2. Bulimia Nervosa:
3. Binge-Eating Disorder:
4. Give 2 examples of how the family environment might play a role in eating disorders.
5
5. Who is most vulnerable to eating disorders?
D. Personality Disorders
1. Personality Disorders (PD):
2. What does each cluster of personality disorders focus on?
A:
B:
C:
3. Avoidant PD:
4. Schizoid PD:
5. Histrionic PD:
6. Narcissistic PD:
7. Antisocial PD:
8. Why do most criminals not have Antisocial Personality Disorder?
9. Is there a genetic link for Antisocial Personality Disorder?
6
Unit 13 Reading Guide
Treatment of Abnormal Behavior
Module 70: Introduction to Therapy, and Psychodynamic and Humanistic Therapies (pg. 707-715)
1. Psychotherapy:
2. Biomedical Therapy:
3. Eclectic Approach:
4. What are the 4 types of psychological therapies or “talk therapies”?
A. Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapy
1. Psychoanalysis:
a. Founder of this therapy:
2. What does psychoanalytic therapy presume?
3. What is the goal of this therapy?
Techniques of Psychanalysis
1. Free association:
2. Resistance:
3. Interpretation:
4. Transferring or Transference:
5. Why is this type of therapy not really used anymore?
6. Psychodynamic therapy:
B. Humanistic Therapies
1. Insight therapies:
2. How is psychoanalytic therapy different from humanistic therapy?
7
3. Client-Centered Therapy:
a. Founder of this therapy:
4. What 3 characteristics do therapists have to exhibit?
5. Active listening:
6. Unconditional positive regard:
Module 71: Behavior, Cognitive, and Group Therapies (pg. 716-727)
A. Behavior Therapy
1. Behavior Therapy:
2. How is behavior therapy different from psychodynamic and humanistic therapies?
3. Explain an example of how classical conditioning techniques can be applied to getting rid of unwanted,
learned behaviors.
4. Counterconditioning:
5. Exposure therapy:
6. Systematic desensitization:
a. Person who created both techniques:
7. Explain an example of how you would use both of these therapies with a social anxiety.
8. Virtual reality exposure therapy:
9. Aversive conditioning:
a. Example:
8
10. Does aversive conditioning work? (be sure to explain short vs. long run)
11. How does behavior modification work?
12. Token economy:
B. Cognitive Therapies
1. Give examples of disorders that are best treated by cognitive therapy.
2. Cognitive Therapies:
3. Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT):
a. Person who created this:
4. Explain how Aaron Beck would treat depression.
5. Stress inoculation training:
6. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
7. What types of disorders are best treated by CBT?
C. Group and Family Therapies
1. Group Therapy:
2. Family Therapy:
3. What is one of the most famous self-help groups?
4. What is the advantage of group therapy?
Module 72: Evaluating Psychotherapies and Prevention Strategies (pg. 728-739)
1. What 3 reasons make psychologists skeptical about client testimonials of therapies effectiveness?
9
2. After doing meta-analysis studies, what is the general conclusion about the effectiveness of therapy?
3. Evidence-based practice:
4. What does a therapist do during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR)?
5. What are the 3 benefits of all forms of therapy?
6. Therapeutic alliance:
7. Why are minorities more likely to not use mental health services?
8. Resilience:
9. What is the alternative viewpoint to disorders, instead of dismissing the person as “crazy”?
Module 73: The Biomedical Therapies (pg. 740-749)
A. Drug Therapies
1. Psychopharmacology:
2. What needs to be used when testing a new drug to make sure it is actually effective and people are not
just getting results due to the placebo effect?
3. Antipsychotic drugs:
a. Example name of antipsychotics:
4. Antianxiety drugs:
a. Example names of antianxiety drugs:
5. What is the criticism of antianxiety drugs?
6. Antidepressant drugs:
7. What other disorders are antidepressants used for?
8. What neurotransmitters do antidepressants effect?
10
9. What does SSRI stand for?
10. What disorder are mood stabilizing drugs mostly used to treat?
11. What is the name of the salt that is a mood stabilizer?
B. Brain Stimulation
1. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT):
2. What is ECT used to treat today?
3. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS):
4. What disorder is rTMS used to treat today?
C. Psychosurgery
1. Psychosurgery:
2. Lobotomy:
11