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B – The Cardiovascular System 1. The structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins 2. The structure and function of the heart 3. Pathology of cardio vascular disease (CVD) 4. Blood glucose levels and obesity KA 6: The structure and function of the heart REVISION: Structure of the heart (A) Cardiac function and cardiac output 2.6 Key Topics (B) Cardiac cycle (D) Blood Pressure (C) The structure and function of cardiac conducting system KA6: Learning Outcomes • Name the 4 chambers of the heart • Name the 4 valves in the heart • Describe the cause of heart sounds and how they can be heard • Name the 2 blood vessels which enter the heart and the 2 blood vessels which leave the heart • Identify the above structures in a diagram • Describe the flow of blood in a heart • State the difference in the type of blood of blood found in each side of the heart Re-cap Task: • In pairs / groups, label as much of the heart as you can remember! Heart Animation Structure of the Heart Pulmonary Artery (to the lungs) Aorta (to fthe body) f Vena Cava (from a the body) Pulmonary Vein (from a the lungs) Rightb atrium Atrio- c ventricular (AV) valve Left b atrium Atriocventricular (AV) valve Left dVentricle Rightd ventricle Semi-Lunar (SL) Valve e Semi-Lunar (SL) Valve e Thickness of Heart Muscle 1 minute – think/pair/share 1. What do people use to listen to the heart? 2. What sound do you hear? 3. What makes this sound? WHAT TO DO: 1. Wet some cotton wool with disinfectant and collect a stethoscope. 2. Use the disinfectant and cotton wool to clean the ear pieces. 3. Use the larger circle and find your heart • Place it in the centre • Move it slightly to the left • Move the larger circle slowly up/down until you hear the “lub-dub” – this is the sound of your HEART VALVES Heart Valves • Valves help to prevent the backflow of blood • AV valves prevent blood from flowing back into the atria. These valves force blood into the ventricles. • SL valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. These valves force the blood to leave the heart. • The opening and closing of the AV and SL valves are responsible for the heart sounds heard with a stethoscope. • “Lub-Dub” sounds can be heard. More on the heart valves later! Heart Valves The treatment for faulty valves Aortic valve replacement (6 mins) The “Double Circulatory” System 1. Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs 4. The oxygen leaves the blood and enters body cells through capillary beds. Carbon dioxide enters the blood and it then goes back to the heart 2. The RBCs receive oxygen and oxygenated blood is pumped back to the heart 3. The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body The Double Circulatory System Double Circulatory System Animation Helpful Hints… • Pulmonary –> Lungs • Renal –> Kidney • Hepatic -> Liver Associated Blood Vessels Type of blood carried Pulmonary Vein Aorta (________) Vena Cava (________) Pulmonary Artery Where this blood has come from Where this blood is going Over to you… • If you are missing any notes on the heart and associated blood vessels then take a Standard Grade textbook home and: – Read pages 157 – 161 – Complete the Qs on pages 161 and 162 KA6: Learning Outcomes • Name the 4 chambers of the heart • Name the 4 valves in the heart • Describe the cause of heart sounds and how they can be heard • Name the 2 blood vessels which enter the heart and the 2 blood vessels which leave the heart • Identify the above structures in a diagram • Describe the flow of blood in a heart • State the difference in the type of blood of blood found in each side of the heart