Download Cell Organelle Notes

Class Notes
Cell Organelles
Questions/Main
Idea:
What is an organelle?
What is the function of
the ell membrane?
What is the function of
the cell wall (plants)?
What is the function of
the nucleus?
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Period:_______________________________________
Date: _______________________________________
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What is the function of
the nucleolus?
What is the function of
the cytoplasm?
What is the function of
the ribosomes?
What is the function of
the Golgi apparatus
(body)?
What is the function of
the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)?
What is the difference
between the rough and
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum?
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Specialized subunits of cells that have a particular function
Prokaryotes have a few (e.g., ribosomes)
Eukaryotes have many, usually surrounded by a membrane
This where we get the term “membrane-bound organelles”
Also called plasma membrane
Protects and supports the cell
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
It is a lipid bilayer (2 layers of fat cells)
Found in all types of cells – prokaryotes and eukaryotes!
Found in eukaryotic plant and protist cells; also in prokaryotes
Main function is protection, rigidity, and support
Outside of cell membrane
Made of cellulose (a carb!)
Allows water and dissolved substances to pass through
Controls most activities in the cell
Usually one per cell
Contains DNA – the coded instructions for making proteins and
other molecules for the cell
The nuclear envelope has nuclear pores, where things can enter or
leave
Small, dense region in the middle of the nucleus
This is where ribosomes are formed
Clear fluid within cell that contains all organelles
Moves materials throughout the cell
Makes proteins in the cell
May be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER
Proteins are vital to life – all cells must produce them!!!
Stacks of membranes used for storing, modifying, or packaging
chemicals
Packaged chemicals can be stored inside the cell or secreted
outside the cell
Cells that make saliva or mucus have many Golgi bodies
Series of folded membranes that form sacs or tubes
Two types – smooth and rough
Rough ER:
– Ribosomes make it look rough or bumpy
– Ribosomes synthesize (make) proteins, so the Rough ER is
where this happens!
Smooth ER:
– Smooth - no ribosomes!
– Synthesizes (makes) lipids
– Detoxifies drugs
What is the function of
lysosomes?
What is the function of
peroxisomes?
What is the function of
vacuoles?
What is the function of
chloroplasts?
What is the function of
the mitochondria?
What is the function of
the cytoskeleton?
What is the function of
centrioles?
What is the function of
the flagellum?
What is the function of
cilia and pili?
Which organelles have
their own set of DNA?
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What is the evolutionary
origin of mitochondria
and chloroplasts?
Summary:
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Made by the Golgi Apparatus
Full of digestive enzymes to digest unwanted particles
Help white blood cells to destroy bacteria
Clean-up crew!
Filled with enzymes to digest toxic substances
Numerous in the liver
Do not form at Golgi Body
Store food, water, or waste materials
In plant cells, they are very large!
Found in eukaryotic plant cells & some protist cells
Capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy during
photosynthesis
Energy producers – the “powerhouse” of the cell!
Convert chemical energy into useable energy
Found in animal and plant cells
Overlapping network of filaments and fibers that support the cell
and help it maintain its shape
Can also help cells move
Microfilaments and microtubules
Help to organize the cell during cell division
They migrate to either side of the cell and help to pull it apart
Only found in animal cells!
Extension of the cytoskeleton- Allows movement, main source of
transportation for cells
Only some animals and some prokaryotes have these
Extension of the cytoskeleton- Allows things to move around the
cell. Propels mucus in your throat, helps with hearing in your ears,
and helps move food particles in your stomach.
Only some animal cells and some prokaryotes
Only two organelles have their own DNA – mitochondria and
chloroplasts.
Among multicellular animals, nearly all of the mtDNA in a
fertilized egg is inherited from only the mother.
– One mechanism for this is simple dilution: an egg contains
100,000 to 1,000,000 mitochondria, whereas a sperm
contains only 10 to 100.
Endosymbiotic Theory:
– Mitochondria and chloroplasts descended from ancient
prokaryotes that developed symbiotic relationships with
ancient cells.
– In other words… mitochondria and chloroplasts are former
prokaryotes that now “live” inside eukaryotes!