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TEXAS AND THE CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 18 TEXAS HISTORY SLAVERY AND STATES’ RIGHTS 1. Sectionalism was the result of the growth of economic and social differences between the North and the South. SLAVERY AND STATES’ RIGHTS 2. States’ Rights was the argument that the states’ power was greater than federal government’s power. STATES’ RIGHTS 3. The issue of states’ rights contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War because seceding states believed the federal government should not intervene in state decisions. STATES’ RIGHTS 4. Many Southerners believed the U.S. Constitution gave them the right to oppose federal laws they disagreed with. Therefore, they seceded and formed the Confederacy. STATES’ RIGHTS 5. Popular Sovereignty is the democratic principle in the Texas Constitution that reflects the will of the people. SLAVERY 6. The Fugitive Slave Act made it a crime to assist runaway slaves. SLAVERY 7. In the case, Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens of the U.S. and Congress had no power to forbid slavery in federal territories. SLAVERY 8. The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in the areas rebelling against the United States. WAR BEGINS 9. Abraham Lincoln was President at the beginning of the Civil War. Jefferson Davis was chosen President of the Confederacy. WAR BEGINS 10. The Civil War began when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter. WAR BEGINS 11. The North’s advantage was having a larger population. The South’s advantage was having more experienced military leaders. TEXAS JOINS CONFEDERACY 12. After Texas seceded from the United States, it joined the Confederacy. Most Texans had migrated from Southern states. Texas delegates wanted to leave the Union because they considered slavery vital to the Texas agricultural economy. TEXAS JOINS CONFEDERACY 13. Governor Sam Houston refused to swear allegiance to the Confederacy, so he was removed as governor of Texas. Unionists were people who wanted to stay in the Union. COTTON DIPLOMACY 14. Cotton diplomacy was a tactic used by southern leaders to secure foreign support during the Civil War by withholding cotton shipments to other nations until they offered aid. WAR ON THE HOME FRONT 15. In the Battle of Galveston, Confederate troops commanded by Major General Magruder attacked and expelled Union troops enforcing the naval blockade of the Texas Coast. WAR ON THE HOME FRONT 16. The Battle of Galveston was so important to the Confederacy because, if left in Union control, northern forces could easily sweep into Texas from Galveston. WAR ON THE HOME FRONT 17. During the war, crop production increased, and farmers grew more corn and wheat instead of cotton. Most manufacturing and supply centers were located in northeast Texas. WAR ON THE HOME FRONT 18. When the Confederate Congress passed the draft, all white males between ages of 18 and 35 were required to serve in the army. WAR ON THE HOME FRONT 19. The war badly damaged the Texas economy. Women began overseeing the production of food and clothing for use at home and by the army. END OF WAR 20. The Union wanted to control the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in two. This action would cut off the eastern part of the southern states from the food-producing states of Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. END OF WAR 21. Union troops wanted to stop trade between Texas and Mexico by taking control of Brownsville. The Battle of Palmito Ranch was fought on the banks of the Rio Grande after General Lee’s surrender in Virginia. It was the last battle of the Civil War. END OF WAR 22. Enslaved Texans were freed after the war’s end. Juneteenth celebrates this freedom each June 19th. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS 23. Texas joins the Confederacy Houston removed as Texas governor Civil War fought Texas and other southern states readmitted to the Union Current Texas Constitution adopted STUDY FOR YOUR TEST!