Download Chapter 18 Section 2, The Civil War Begins, P. 376

Name:
Date:
Period:
Chapter 18 Section 2, The Civil War Begins, P. 376
Key Terms
1. Regiments: units of around 1,000 soldiers; Texas soldiers usually joined regiments with
men from their hometowns or counties
2. B.F. Terry: led a regiment of Texas cavalry called Terry’s Texas Rangers
3. John Bell Hood: led a regiment of Texans called Hood’s Texas Brigade; it became a lead
unit in the Army of Northern Virginia and fought in some of the most important battles
of the war
4. Albert Sidney Johnston: 2nd-highest-ranking officer in the Confederacy until his death at
the Battle of Shiloh
5. Thomas Green: became a brigadier general in the Confederate army
6. Cotton Diplomacy: tactic used by southern leaders to secure foreign support during the
Civil War by withholding cotton shipments to other nations until they offered aid
7. Ironclads: ships used during the Civil War that were heavily armored with iron plates;
they supported Union General Grant by blocking the Mississippi River during the Siege
of Vicksburg
Main Idea Questions
1. After Fort Sumter surrendered, what did Abraham Lincoln do? What did several
southern states do in response? He requested 75,000 Union volunteers to put down the
Southern rebellion; VA, AR, TN, NC seceded from the U.S.
2. By the end of 1861, some 25,000 Texans were in the Confederate army.
3. Describe what occurred between Ben McCullough and David E. Twiggs in San Antonio
in February 1861: Texas forces led by McCullough surrounded U.S. Commander Twiggs’
headquarters in San Antonio and demanded all federal property in Texas (over $1
million in military supplies) be turned over to the Confederacy
4. What were some industries established in Texas to get ready for the war? Mills for
making gunpowder, cannon and ammunition factories, iron foundries, clothing mills for
uniforms and tents
5. What were some advantages the North had at the beginning of the war? Higher
population (more soldiers), more railroads (easier to move troops and supplies), more
factories (more weapons and supplies could be made), established government (ready
for war and to raise money for war)
6. What were some advantages the South had at the beginning of the war? Experienced
military leaders, soldiers experienced at riding horses and using firearms
7. At the beginning of the conflict, what was the Confederacy’s strategy? To stay on the
defensive and wear down the Union’s will to fight and get war supplies from Europe
8. What were the three main features/goals of the Union’s strategy? 1) Naval blockade of
the southern coastline to cutoff delivery of supplies, 2) Take control of the Mississippi
River to cut the Confederacy in two and isolate the food-producing states of TX, LA, and
AR, 3) capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA
9. The major battles of the war took place east of the Mississippi River.
10. Which side won the Battle of Antietam? Union
11. Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the war? Confederate General Lee
was on the defensive for the rest of the war
12. Which important Texan was killed at the Battle of Shiloh? Albert Sidney Johnston
13. What happened to the Confederacy when Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, 1863? The
Confederacy was split in two and supplies could not get from AR, TX, and LA to the
battlegrounds in the East