Download Russian Physiologist Won 1904 Nobel Prize for Physiology or

11/27/2012
Russian Physiologist
 Won 1904 Nobel Prize for
Physiology or Medicine

› Studied digestive processes in
dogs
› Made observation that dogs
were salivating in presence of
lab assistants when no food in
sight
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“Astimuluswhichwasneutralinandofitselfhadbeensuperimposed
upontheactionoftheinbornalimentaryreflex.Weobservedthat,after
severalrepetitionsofthecombinedstimulation,thesoundsofthe
metronomehadacquiredthepropertyofstimulationsalivarysecretion.”
First systematic study of learning
 Learning to associate an unconditioned
stimulus that elicits a specific response
with a new conditioned stimulus so that
the new stimulus elicits the same
response

› Phobias
› Taste aversion
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
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
› Stimulus that originally produces natural
response

Unconditioned Response (UCR)
› Natural response

Neutral Stimulus (NS)
› New stimulus that produces no response

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
› Neutral stimulus once it has become
associated with UCS

Conditioned Response (CR)
› Same response to the conditioned stimulus
UCS- Food
 UCR- Salivation
 NS- Bell
 CS- Bell
 CR- Salivation

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 Acquisition-
established
when response is
› Repeated pairing of UCS + CS = CR
 Rate determined by prominence of
stimuli and time of delivery
 Extinction-
CR
gradual weakening of
› When CS is no longer paired with UCS
 Spontaneous recovery
› recovery of behavior after extinction
 Stimulus
generalization- CR to
stimuli similar to CS
 Discrimination- conditioning to
discriminate between these
similar stimuli
› 1921: Shenger-Krestovnika
 Trained dogs to discriminate between circles
and ellipses by pairing some pictures with
meat
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
John Watson and Rosalie Raynor
“The instant the rat was shown, the baby began to cry. Almost instantly he
turned sharply to the left, fell over on his left side, raised himself on all fours
and began to crawl away so rapidly that he was caught with difficulty
before reaching the edge of the table.”
UCS- loud noise
 UCR- fear
 NS- white rat
 CS- white rat
 CR- fear
 Generalization- conditioned fear was
generalized to similar objects

› Raynor’s fur coat and Watson in Santa beard
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
Major criticisms of experiment
› Experimental design
 Subjective interpretations
› Ethical concerns
 Conditioning fear in infant
 Moved and left experiment without
extinguishing fear

7 years of research
› Hall P. Beck, Sharman Levinson, and Gary
Irons

Douglas Merritte
› Died at 6 in 1925 of hydrocephalus
› Condition since birth
› Not happy and healthy normal child
described in study
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"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904".
Nobelprize.org. 20 Nov 2012
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/l
aureates/1904/
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/b
hpavl.html
McLeod, S. A. (2007). Pavlov’s Dogs. Retrieved from
http://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html
http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/200
3/ClassicalConditioning.htm
http://muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/pa
vlov.htm
simplepsychology.org
Psychology.about.com
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