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Chapter 8 Section 1 1. Diamond- is a crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded strongly to four other carbon atoms. 2. Graphite- a form of the element carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers. 3. Fullerene- a form of carbon that consists of atoms arranged in the shape of a hollow sphere. 4. Nanotube- a form of carbon that consists of atoms in the form of a long, hollow cylinder. Section 2 1. Organic compounds- compounds that contain carbon. 2. Hydrocarbon- is a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen. 3. Structural formula- shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. 4. Isomers- compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. 5. Saturated hydrocarbons- a hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds. 6. Unsaturated hydrocarbons- hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds have fewer hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom than a saturated hydrocarbon does. 7. Substituted hydrocarbons- atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon. 8. Hydroxyl group- an -OH group, found in alcohols. 9. Alcohol- is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups. 10. Organic acid- is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups. 11. Carboxyl group- a COOH group, found in organic acids. 12. Ester- is a compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid. 13. Polymer- a very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules bonded together. 14. Monomers- the smaller molecules. Section 3 1. Protein- an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids. 2. Amino acid- is a monomer that is a building block of proteins. 3. Plastics- synthetic polymers that can be molded or shaped are the most common products. 4. Composite- combines two or more substances in a new material with different properties. Section 4 1. Carbohydrate- is an energy- rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. 2. Glucose- one of the most important sugars in your body. 3. Complex carbohydrate- is a polymer made of smaller molecules that are simple carbohydrates bonded to one another. 4. Starch- a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy. 5. Cellulose- a complex carbohydrate found in plant structures. 6. Lipids- are energy-rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. 7. Fatty acids- an organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil. 8. Cholesterol- a waxy substance found in all animal cells. 9. Nucleic acids- are very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. 10. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acids, one type of nucleic acid. 11. RNA- ribonucleic acids, a type of nucleic acid. 12. Nucleotides- the building blocks of nucleic acids.