Download KINGDOM PROTISTA

2/24/2011
 There
are three types:
1.Animal-like
2.Plant-like
3.Fungus-like

Protozoa—single-celled microscopic
organisms that move
FYI
 Heterotrophic
 Can be parasitic (live off other
organisms, cause disease)
 Live most anywhere that moisture is
available
1. cilia—short, hair-like projections
2. flagella—long, whip-like “tails”
3. pseudopodia (“false feet”)—large,
round cytoplasmic extensions that help
move cell. They also surround and
engulf food.
Amoeba engulfing a paramecium
1.

Amoebas-use pseudopodia; live in fresh
and salt water, soil too
Shape constantly changes
2. Ciliates-use cilia;
live in ponds, slow
moving streams

Ciliated protozoan
Example:
Paramecium
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4. Sporozoans-produce spores; many
adult forms have no locomotion;
many are parasitic live in blood and
tissue of host
3. Flagellates-have 1 or more flagella; live
in fresh water; many are parasitic
Unicellular or Multicellular
 Use photosynthesis, but aren’t plants
because they don’t have roots, stems, and


Euglena-live in fresh water; have
contractile vacuoles —gets rid of excess
water (hypotonic environments)
leaves

Many are phytoplankton—microscopic
protists in the ocean; major source of
food for ocean life…part of the ocean’s
food chain


Diatoms made of silica or glass; make oxygen

FYI: Diatomaceous earth —when diatoms die,
they settle at the bottom of oceans. Build up
over time into layers. Material used as abrasive
in cleaning supplies and toothpaste
Dinoflagellates have
bioluminescence so they glow;
excess growth can be bad because
some release toxins aka “red tides”
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
Red Algae :

Green Algae
› Ocean seaweed
› Can be unicellular
› Most diverse group of algae
› Most live in fresh water, but can
› Live in deep waters
live in oceans, soil
› Some are colonial (many cells
› Used as a food ex. Nori
living together)


Brown Algae
Ex. Volvox

› Usually in salt water
› Large
Two types:
1. slime molds
2. water molds

Examples:
› white “fuzz” on dead fish/leaves
› Ex. Kelp
› Potato Blight that caused the Irish
Potato Famine
 All are DECOMPOSERS!
1. binary fission— asexual
2. conjugation—sexual; the sharing of DNA
between 2 protists
3. fragmentation—asexual; algae will
break into pieces and each piece grows
into a new individual
1. Amoebic dysentery—
typically affects
travelers visiting foreign
countries where water
could be
contaminated; causes
severe intestinal
problems; can be fatal;
known as “Montezuma's
Revenge"
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2. Giardiasis—caused by Giardia lamblia, an
intestinal parasite attach itself to the
intestinal wall, causing watery diarrhea or
oily feces, nausea, stomach pains and
fatigue; found in the US “Hitchhiker's
Disease”
4. African Sleeping
Sickness—also called
“Trypanosomiasis;”
carried by the tsetse
fly and if it moves to a
person’s nervous
system, it causes
coordination
problems, fatigue
and general
confusion.

3. Toxoplasmosis—caused by Toxoplasma
gondii; a parasite that can cause brain and
eye damage in newborns so this is why
pregnant women should not change
litterboxes
5. Malaria—caused by the genus
Plasmodium (four species); spread by
the bite of a female Anopheles
mosquito
6. Red tide-caused by
dinoflagellates; they release
a toxin that kills fish or
builds up in some fish; we
In turn get sick by eating
the contaminated fish
Potato Blight—caused the Irish Potato
Famine from 1844-1849 which led to a
large immigration of Irish to the US
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