Download MICROORGANISMS

MICROORGANISMS
TYPES OF MICRO-ORGANISM
1-Bacteria (Jibanu)
2-Algae (Saibala)
3-Fungi (Kabaka)
4-Virus (Vutanu)
5-Protozoa (Adiprani)
BACTERIA
These are seen almost at
every places.
These are the simplest
kind among the leaving
beings.
Their size is in between
0.2 to 100 micron.
These are of four shapes.
1-Cocus (golakara)
2-Bacilus (kathi)
3-Spirilum (kundalakara)
4-Kamakara.
STRUCTURE
These are single cell
bodies.
It has a strong cell wall.
It has nuclear reticulum
(nyastika jali) instead of
membrane
bound
reticulum
(jhilliyukta
nyasti).
Membrane
bound
organels are not seen
inside the cell.
NUTRITION
Bacterias are parasite (parajibi) or saprophite
(mrutopajivi).
Some are aerobic(bayu upajivi) while others are
anaerobic.
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
Bacteria's increase their number in rapid speed in a
hot and wet environment.
One cell divides into two in a suitable
environment.
The growth of those two different cells takes place
and they again divided into two.
This process takes place in such a speed that these
are created in crores.
These cant reproduct in very hot or cold
environment.
ECONOMIC-IMPIORTANCE
It helps in decomposition of dead bodies of animals .
RIZOBIUM helps in biological fixation.
Lactobacilous turns milk into curd and cheese.
Acetobacter turns fruit juice to vinegar.
Clostridium makes aceton.
Antibiotics like streptocyclin, chloromycetin poly-mixing
etc are prepared out of some bacteria's.
Ischiria coli helps in digestion of straw inside the stomach
of cow.
It helps in curing of tea leaf and tanning of animal skin.
DISEASE OCCURRED BY BACTERIA
Diarrhoea - vibrio cholerae
Typhoid - salmonella typhi
Pneumonia - diplococus
Leaf blign of rice - xanthomonas
Jadura disease of lemon - xanthomonas
Jhanuala disease of brinjal - pseudo monas
ALGAE(SAIBALA)
These are simplest kind of plants.
These grow in ponds rivers and sea. Some
grow on wet land, snow, stone and scales of
trees.
These are of single or multiple cell.
Their size varies from 1micron to 40 meters.
These are also of different shapes like cocus,
chakrakar, basilus, fitapari.
TYPES OF ALGAE
These are mainly of 4 types.
Blue-green
algae(nilaharit
saibala).
Green algae(harit).
Red algae(lal algae).
DIATOMS are another kind of
single cell algae.
Example of some diatoms are
CYMBELLA,TABELARIA,
NAVIKULA.
Economic importance
ULVA and LAMINARIA are used as food in chin and zapan.
ALGAE is the main food of fish and scrap.
AGARAGAR that is used in the preparation of icecreame and
medicine is derived from Gracilaria.
Large amount of iodin and Potassium is derived from FEUCUS
and LAMINARIA.
NUSTUC and ANABENA are used in binding atmospheric
nitrogen. So these are grow infields.
CHLORELA and KLIMAIDOMONAS are used in purifing dirty
water.
Dead cells of DIATOMS that contain cilica are used in washing
metals, tooth powder, glass and porcelin.
Microcystis makes water poisonous.
FUNGI(KABAKA)
TYPES OF FUNGI
YEAST, MILDEW, MOULDS(PHIMPI), MUSHROOM(CHATU).
REPRODUCCTION
YEAST reproduces in the process of
budding(KALIKANA).
MILDEW(SWETAKA), MOULDS(PHIMPI)
and mushroom reproduce by the help
of spore(renu).
Spores are rounded and single cell
bodies.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
YEAST helps in the preparation of bread.
BEAR is prepared out of grape juice by yeast.
Different types of mushrooms are used as food.
An antibiotic called pencilin is prepared from a mould
know as pencillium. Some vitamins are prepared from
YEAST.
Fungies also decompose remainings of animals.
Fungis destroy foods. It, also destroys clothes, wood
and leather.
Late blight of potato, rust of wheat are caused by
fungis.
Different skin diseases of man are cause by it.
PROTOZOA(ADIPRANI)
These are single cell
animals.
These live on earth
and water.Even in the
body of man.
Examples of some
protozoa are GIADIA,
PARAMECIUM,
AMOEBA etc.
AMOEBA
It is the simplest kind among the
protozoa.
It has no particular shape.
It looks like Jelly.
It is locomotive with the help of
pseudopodia by changing its shape.
With the help of pseudopodia it intakes
food.
PARAMECIUM
Its shape is like a shoe.
It is totally covered by cilia.These cilias help it
in locomotion and fetching food.
Protozoas reproduce by fission (bikhandan)
and sporulation (renubhaban).
IT eats algae and bacteria,but
higher
animals eat them.
Malaria parasite causes malaria. Giardia and
antamoeba causes disecentry.
VIRUS(VUTANU)
These are the smallest one among the
micro-organisms.
Their size varies from 0.015 micron to
0.2micron.
They are of different sizes; dandakara,
round shaped, multifaceted.
These are named according to their
host(posaka) or name of the disease
that they create.
Different types of virus transmit through
different mediums like water, sneeze,
air, etc.
Tobacco mosaic virus creates mosaic
disease on tobacco leaf.
Bacteriophage are virus that grows on
the cell of bacteria. It has a multifaced
head with a long tail. These look like a
tadpole.
Foot and Mouth Disease of Cattle(fatua
roga) is created by virus.