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1941-45 1 Island-hopping began with the goal being to carry out roundtrip bombing raids on Japan’s home islands. Strategy for the Pacific fight. May, 1942—Battle of Coral Sea First naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft. June, 1942—Midway Island Turning point in Pacific putting the Japanese on the defense. February-March, 1945—Battle of Iwo Jima Bloody battle to secure strategic island. 2 General Douglas MacArthur, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Admiral Chester Nimitz in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (1944) 3 The “Enigma” codes were cracked and Uboat locations in the North Atlantic pinpointed. Sept. 1942 saw the stalling of the Germans at Stalingrad. Now Hitler’s fortunes begin to gradually decline and defeat seems possible. By 1943, Russia had regained about 2/3 of the motherland from the German invader. Badly wants a western front to take pressure off USSR. 4 Bradley and Patton were important leaders in securing southern and western Europe. US Army Generals Omar Bradley, Dwight Eisenhower, and George S. Patton 5 Invasion of Italy Overall, this did “Soft underbelly” not have an impact on the overall war effort. Germans mount a strong resistance; Mussolini deposed, and Italy surrenders Sept., 1943 Casablanca Conference, 1943: FDR and Churchill agree to the major war aim: Unconditional surrender for both Japan and Germany. 6 SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER GENERAL EISENHOWER SPEAKS WITH PARATROOPERS JUST BEFORE THEY EMBARK TO JUMP INTO NAZI OCCUPIED FRANCE Soviets get their second front. Teheran Conference: Nov. 29-Dec. 1, 1943. Big idea was to launch a 2nd front from both east and west at the same time! Eisenhower was given the overall command of nearly 3 million men. Largest amphibious assault in history begins eastward march to Berlin. 8 4th term for FDR-Now much attention on the selection of who would be the Vicepresident and Harry S. Truman will be selected. May 7, 1945—V-E (Victory in Europe) Day. (Neither FDR not Hitler were alive) Victory tainted with the full reality of the Holocaust revealed. Hitler’s Final Solution had murdered 6 million Jews in the death camps. European Theater 9 Gen. Douglas MacArthur wades ashore during the initial landings at Leyte, Philippines in October, 1944. Japan was through as a sea power and had lost about 60 ships in greatest naval battle. MacArthur returns to the Philippines as he said and now on to Okinawa. Potsdam Conference, July, 1945 declared that Japan must surrender or be destroyed. The Manhattan Project was originally begun to create a bomb to be dropped on Germany. Fears of a land invasion on Japan would result in too many deaths of young Americans. 11 APRIL 12TH 1945, VICE PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN TAKES THE OATH TO BECOME PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Truman had to make the decision to drop the bomb. Hiroshima bombed on Aug. 6, 1945 and Nagasaki in Aug. 9. Tokyo sued for peace on one condition: that Hirohito be allowed to remain on the throne as a nominal emperor. The formal end came on Sept. 2, 1945 and became known as V-J Day. 13