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WS – Overview of pgs 4-8 of Notes Name: ________________________________ Fill in the blanks using the answer choices below: 1. Variations in muscle shortening can be produced by changing the ___________________________ of muscle stimulation or by changing the ___________________________ of muscle cells being stimulated. 2. The differences in twitch responses of different muscles are due to differences in ___________________________ properties and the presence or absences of certain regulatory _________________________ in the muscles. 3. When impulses are delivered in rapid succession, each contraction will build onto the previous contraction. As this continues, the individual contractions will become fused into a smooth, sustained contraction called ________________________, which is the usual manner of muscle contractions. 4. The staircase pattern on myogram recordings is known as ____________________. 5. This pattern indicates an increased availability of ______ ions and an increased efficiency of _________________ systems due to heat as the muscle warm up through activity. 6. Weak or precise movements are controlled by a ________ number of motor units being stimulated. Calcium Contractures Enzyme Enzymes Frequency Large Metabolic Number Potassium Small Tetanus Treppe Matching - answers will only be used once _____the extra amount that must be taken in to provide for restorative processes _____muscle shortens - tension remains the same – movement caused _____degeneration & loss of muscle mass _____muscles are weak and flabby _____voluntarily discontinue activity due to relative deficit of ATP _____tension increases - muscle does not shorten – no movement caused _____muscle activity ceases even though muscle may still be receiving stimuli A. isometric C. physiological E. oxygen debt contraction fatigue F. disuse atrophy B. isotonic D. psychological G. flaccid contraction fatigue _______________________________________________________________ Short Answer 1. Name 2 reasons for physiological fatigue. 2. How do you repay the oxygen debt after exertion is ended? Be specific. 3. Which type of respiration leads to lactic acid buildup? 4. Fill in the Blanks on the Chart using the answer choices below. Direct phosphorylation of Anaerobic Aerobic respiration CP respiration (mitochondria) (cytoplasm) Energy source CP Glucose Glucose, ____________ High energy molecule found (only glycolysis acids (resting/slowly only in _______________ used) contracting muscles), fibers ________ acids (if no glucose/fatty acids available) Oxygen use None None Required CP + ADP ↔ creatine + Glucose + oxygen → ______ carbon dioxide + _______________ + ATP Products _____ ATP per CP, creatine _____ ATP per ________ ATP per glucose, lactic acid glucose, CO2, H2O Duration of ________ seconds _________ ______________ energy seconds Activities Brief maximum power surge: More sustained Endurance rather than Weightlifting, diving, but less vigorous power activities: ________________ as muscle Marathon, depletes oxygen ___________________ Speed & Very fast, very reversible, 2 ½ x faster than Slower, requires efficiency easily replenished when aerobic, not as ________________ muscle are _________ delivery of oxygen & _______________ nutrients to muscle 1 15-20 2 30-60 36 Active Amino ATP Continuous Efficient Fatty Hours Hours Inactive Jogging Muscle Sprinting Water 5. Given what you have learned about muscle fibers and that structure determines function: Why is chicken breast meat white while chicken thighs & legs dark meat? 6. Given a man and a woman of equal weight and equal athletic fitness level: Which one will have more total strength and why?