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REPRISE DU PASSÉ COMPOSÉ
I. LA TERMINAISON DU PARTICIPE PASSÉ
A. VERBES RÉGULIERS
ER verbes: é
regarder
regardé
IR verbes: i
sortir
sorti
RE verbes: u
vendre
vendu
B. VERBES IRRÉGULIERS
Apprendre: appris
Avoir: eu
Boire: bu
Comprendre: compris
Croire: cru
Devoir: dû
Dire: dit
Écrire: écrit
Être: été
Faire: fait
Lire: lu
Mettre: mis
Naître: né
Pouvoir: pu
Recevoir: reçu
Suivre: suivi
Venir: venu
FRECNH AP - BHS
Prendre: pris
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Voir: vu
Vouloir: voulu
II. LES AUXILLIARES
A. ÊTRE
Most verbs use avoir, but here are some ways to help you remember the list of the main
verbs which take être as the helping verb.
There are others that might use être, too, as you’ll see later:
1. LES VERBES PRINCIPAUX
a. Mrs Dr Vandertramp: each letter is the beginning of a verb (16 total). There are other
verbs which can take être as a helping verb, but this is the main list.
b. 5 paires (d’opposés), 4 R’s, DT: this method used five pairs of opposite verbs, four that
begin with R, one that begins with D and one with T (16 total):
(1) naître/mourir, monter/descendre, entrer/sortir, venir/aller, arriver/partir
(2) Rentrer, Retourner, Rester, Revenir
(3) Devenir, Tomber
c. La Maison d’Etre: think of a house and the motion to, in and away from the house:
entering, exiting, going up and down the stairs, staying…
2. ACCORD DU PARTICIPE PASSÉ
a. In most cases, your past participle will agree in gender and number with the subject. Add
an –é for feminine and an –s for
plural—both for feminine plural. You’ll learn specific cases where you won’t have
agreement (see Reflexive Verbs).
b. Examples.
(2) Roger : Je suis allé au café.
(3) Sophie et Roger : Nous sommes allés au café.
FRECNH AP - BHS
(1) Sophie : Je suis allée au café.
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III. LES VERBES PRONOMINAUX (Reflexive Verbs)
The past participle agrees when the reflexive pronoun is the direct object of the sentence.
(1) d.o. : Elle s’est douchée. / She showered.
(2) not d.o. : Elle s’est lavé les cheveux. / She washed her hair. (hair is d.o.)
IV. NEGATIVE
In the PC, the helping verb gets the negation: Je ne suis pas allé(e) au parc.
B. AVOIR
Most other verbs take avoir as their helping verb, and some can use both, depending on the
sentence. As for agreement, you usually agree only when there is a direct object pronoun in
front of the verb in place of the direct object of the sentence.
1. No D.O. pronoun : J’ai regardé la télé. J’ai regardé les enfants.
2. D.O. pronoun : Je l’ai regardée. Je les ai regardés.
FRECNH AP - BHS
3. Negative: In the PC, the helping verb gets the negation: Je n’ai pas regardé la télé.
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