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Empires of Greece, Iran, and India
Name/category
Background
Founding
Organization
Religion
Trade
Decline/Fall
The Persian
(Achaemenid)
Empire, 550330 BCE
Cyrus II
revolted
against Medes
Cyrus won,
took over most
of southwest
asia.
Culturally
diverse,
Inspecters
with their
own armies
checked
towns
for belligeren
ts.
Zoroastr
ianism,
gods of
light and
truth,
and
darknes
s and
evil
Long roads,
currency and
set units of
measure,
banks
Many greeks
Revolted, and
Alexander the
Great invaded
and conquered
them.
The Athenian
Empire,
454—404 BCE
Greece is the
tip of the
balkon
peninsula on
islands of the
Aegean Sea,
along the
western edge
of thy
Anatolian
Peninsula
(Ionia) and to
thy rim of the
Black Sea. In 6th
Century BCE,
thy Ionian citystates belonged
to Persia along
with the rest of
thy Anatolian
Peninsula. In
496 BCE the
city-states
revolted,
spurred on by
Athens. 2 years
later Persian
emperor Darius
sent his army
to get even but
Persia was
defeated.
Darius died. In
480 BCE his son
Xerxes
launched a
second attack
Although the
Persians had
been defeated,
they still
remained a
great threat to
the Greeks. In
478, 104 Greek
city states
created an
alliance, the
Delian League,
under Athenian
leadership.
Athens could
prevent anyone
from leaving the
league. After
Xerxes died in
456 BCE and
with him the
threat from
Persia.
Pericles, the
leader of
Athens, forced
more city states
to join the
league.
Subjects that
did not join
were subject to
occupation by
Athenian
troops. In 454
BCE, the delian
League became
the Athenian
Empire. Athens
controlled 172
city states.
Athens
treated the
city states as
private
property.
Uncooperativ
e states had
their land
seized. Soon
taxes were
being used to
support
Athens, and
they created
the
Parthenon.
All city
states
were
under
the
same
empire,
so
religion
was
never a
problem.
In 500
BCE the
old
polytheis
tic
religion
of Zeus,
Hera,
and
Athena
had
ceased
to be
used for
much
more
than
public
ceremon
y. Into
this
spiritual
void
came
mystery
religions
. At the
same
time,
philosop
hers
used
The Athenian
navy cleared
the Aegean Sea
of pirates. This
was a benefit
to all
merchants of
the empire
because it
allowed for an
increase in
trade. Thy
downside was
that Athens
closely
controlled
trade so as to
benefit itself
Athens and
Sparta turned
against each
other. In 460
BCE, the First
Peloponnesian
War broke out.
In 445 BCE a
3- year peace
treaty was
signed, but the
peace didn't
last. In 431, the
fighting
resumed. The
Spartans won,
and Athenian
democracy
was replaced
by a Council of
Thirty, loyal to
Sparta.
Athenian
property was
plundered and
many citizens
were exiled.
on the
Athenian Navy.
Persia lost once
again and
Xerxes went
home in
humiliation.
Thy following
year, the
Greeks
defeated the
remnants of
the Persian
army at platea.
reason
to
develop
systems
of
rational
thought.
Alexander’s
Empire, 330323 BCE
Born in
Macedonia,
which was
peopled by
Greek
speaking
warrior
aristocrats.
Macedonia
was a small
woodland
kingdom
considered by
Greece to be
un-civilized. it
had a
sophisticated
military
Alexander
ruled an army
of 35000
Macedonians
and Greeks
allies. He
faced the
Persians in
three major
battles and
won against
huge odds.
Alexander
the Great
was known
as the
destroyer,
and the
builder
because of
all the city's
and people
he
concurred.
But he also
freed people
and build
great
capitals.
Alexan
ders
mother
once
told
him that
he has
not
Phillips
son but
the son
of
Apollo.
As his
victory'
s
mounte
d he
seemed
to
become
more
convinc
ed of
his
divan
roots.
Alexander the
greats court
that consisted
of scientists,
merchants,
and doctors
established a
massive trade
route that only
expanded in
time.
after
Alexander
took the Indus
valley he tried
to take the
Ganges river.
His men were
week from
being away
from home
for 10 years
on their way
home
Alexander
died.
The
Ptolemaic
Empire, 32330 BCE
The ptolemaic
empire was
created when
Alexander the
great was on
3 of
Alexanders
generals were
victorious after
a 50 year war.
The
Ptolemaic
empire had
a
government
Respec
ted
Egyptia
n gods.
They
Trade
expanded a
ton. New
trade routes
were built.
Corruption,
civil unrest,
and foreign
policy led to
decline of the
his deathbed.
His generals
urged him to
name an heir.
He said it
would go to
the strongest.
The generals
fought with
one another
for the land,
and it slip into
three major
military states.
One was
Ptolemy who
got a portion
of the land.
Alas, it was
Ptolemaic.
rule. They
put tax on
anything
they could
put tax on.
Their main
city was
Alexandria
were
mainly
based
around
a
Hellenis
tic
Pharao
hs
system.
Other
religion
s were
left
alone.
New spices
were brought
from Arabian
Peninsula,
and new parts
were
designed.
empire.
The Seleucid
Empire, 312
BCE-64 CE
The Seleucid
Empire was a
division of
Alexander the
Great’s Empire,
after Alexander
died.
The Seleucid
Empire was
named after
Seleucus I
Nicator who
was given this
position by
Alexander the
Great. This
empire
occupied
Afghanistan,
Iran, Iraq, and
Syria.
Most
people
belonge
d to
polytheis
tic
religions
but there
were a
few
people
that
belonge
d to
other
religious
groups.
by
acceptin
g
multiple
religions
in the
empire,
they
were to
have
national
unity
and
avoid
rebellion
s.
A treaty with
Chandragupta,
the leader of
the Maurya
empire,
improved
trade, because
they connected
India with the
Mediterranean.
The empire
started to fall in
190 BCE and
the Parthians
pushed the
Seleucid
borders
westward. Bits
of the empire
were broken
off or taken by
neighbors. The
Romans
conquered the
last bit of the
empire in 64
BCE.
The Mauryan
Empire, 322188 BCE
Was a set up
province by
Alexander the
Began to shape
the trade under
Chandragupta,
The Empire
has to
Capitals , one
in Syria and
another one
at the Tigris
River, they
kept the
Persians
separated
from the
Greek cities,
this was
caused
because
Seleucid
feared that
there would
be confusion
and violence
among the
Greeks and
Persians.
They also
shipped
more Greeks
into the new
occupied
land.
Have
improved
bureaucratic
They
were
made up
Their religion
spread along
the trade
After Ashoka
died in 252
BCE the
Great in 500
BCE.
Selcecus signed
a treaty with
him and then
Chandragupta
pushed into
India and his
grandson took
over a lot of
South Asia.
methods,
divided
states into
provinces,
districts, and
villages,
regulated
everything
from copper,
lead, and
iron to gum,
dye, and
perfume.
Was the
center of
bustling
trade.
of
Buddhist
s.
routes,
Mauryan
disintegrated
under weak
monarchs and
eventually dies
out in 184 BCE
when the
emperor was
assinated.