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Bell Work
Transcription occurs in the ________,
creating a single stranded ________. This
_______ contains the Nitrogen base ______
instead of __________.
Word Bank:
Uracil, DNA, mRNA, Adenine, Guanine,
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Thymine
Translation:
• decoding of an mRNA
message into a
polypeptide(Protein)
chain
• occurs on a ribosome
(OUTSIDE the nucleus)
Translation:
1. mRNA travels to the ribosome
2. transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to
the ribosome
3. polypeptide (protein) is formed
Codon:
three consecutive mRNA bases
Ex: GCU
Anticodon:
three complementary tRNA bases
Codon
GCU
CGA
Anticodon
•tRNA looks for the codon that pairs with its
anticodon
• the ribosome takes the amino acid and
attaches it to the polypeptide chain
ORDER MATTERS!
order of DNA bases  order of RNA bases 
order of amino acids  what protein is made
tRNA
Amino
acids
mRNA
How to use the Codon Chart:
1. Use the left side to find
the first letter in the
codon
2. Use the top to find the
second letter in the
codon
3. Use the right side to find
the third letter of the
codon
4. Go to where ALL three
overlap on the chart
Did you notice?: The codon “AUG” can specify methionine
or serve as the “start” codon for protein synthesis.
How to use the Codon Wheel:
1. Begin in the middle
with the first letter of
the codon
2. Go outward to the
second letter in the
codon
3. Go outward again to
the third letter in the
codon.
What other codons will tell the ribosome to stop putting
amino acids together? What DNA sequences will give you
these codes?