Download Drugs of Animal Origin

Drugs of Animal
Origin
Dr. Tahir Ali
Lecturer
RIPS
Shellac
• Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, on trees in the
forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes
(pictured) and dissolved in ethanol to make liquid shellac, which is
used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze and wood finish.
Shellac
B.O. Laccifer lacca
Family: Coccidae
Uses:
Shellac is most often used as a finish for fine furnitures.
Pharmaceutical
industry:
Tablet
coating
formulations,
microencapsulation, matrix formation, enteric coating and binder.
Shellac has also been used as an ingredient in hair spray and in other
cosmetics.
Honey
Honey
• Honey is a bee-concentrated and processed
product of nectar from the flowers of numerous
plants. This saccharine secretion is deposited in
honeycombs by bees ( Apis mellifera L., Fam.
Apidae ).
• Honey is used for cough, asthma, and hay fever. It is also used
for diarrhea and stomach ulcers caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori (H.
pylori) bacteria. Honey is also used as a source of carbohydrate during
vigorous exercise.
• Some people apply honey directly to the skin for wound healing,
burns, sunburn, cataracts, and diabetic foot ulcers. Topical use of honey has a
long history. In fact, it is considered one of the oldest known wound dressings.
• Honey was used by the ancient Greek physician in 50 A.D. for sunburn and
infected wounds. Honey’s healing properties are mentioned in the Quran, Bible
and Torah.
• In foods, honey is used as a sweetening agent.
• In manufacturing, honey is used as a fragrance and a moisturizer in soaps
and cosmetics.
Gelatin
Gelatin
• Gelatin is an animal protein made by boiling the collagenous material
from animal bones, hides, and skins. Pig and cattle bones are typically
used to make gelatin. In the pharmaceutical industry, gelatin is used
primarily to make hard and softgelatin capsules.
Uses:
• Gelatin is used for:
•
•
•
•
weight loss
treating osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
brittle bones (osteoporosis).
• Some people also use it for strengthening bones, joints, and fingernails.
• Gelatin is also used for improving hair quality and to shorten recovery
after exercise and sports-related injury
Musk Dear
Musk
Musk is an odiferous secretion derived from the musk gland under the
abdomen near the pubis of the male musk deer.
B.O.
Moschus moschiferus
Family: Moschidae
Uses: Musk is used as a component of fragrances and as a fixative in
perfumes. In animal studies, components of musk reportedly have antiinflammatory and antihistaminic activity.
Civet
Civet
“Civet” is the name of a small African mammal.
B.O. Civettictis civetta
Family: Viverridae
“Civet” is also the name of a liquid taken from the glands of that
animal.
This liquid is used as painkiller and sedative.
In foods and beverages, civet is used as a flavoring.
In cosmetics and soaps, civet is used as a fixative and fragrance.
Cod liver oil
B.O. Gadus morhua
Gadus macrocephalus
Family: Gadidae
Uses:
Cod liver oil is used for high cholesterol, high triglycerides, kidney disease in people
with diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoarthritis, depression,
an autoimmune disease called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), glaucoma, and
middle ear infections (otitis media).
Some people put cod liver oil on their skin to speed wound healing.
Cantharidin
• Cantharidin is an odorless, colorless terpenoid secreted by many
species of blister beetles, including broadly in genus Epicauta, and in
species Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria (Spanish fly).
• Uses:
• Cantharidin has been used since ancient times as an aphrodisiac, possibly
because its physical effects were perceived to mimic those of sexual arousal
and because it can cause priapism.
• Diluted solutions of cantharidin can be used as a topical medication to
remove warts and tattoos.
Spermaceti
• B.O. Physeter macrocephalus
Family:
• Spermaceti (from Latin sperma meaning "semen", and ceti meaning
"whale") is a waxy substance found in the head cavities of the sperm
whale (and, in smaller quantities, in the oils of other whales).
Spermaceti is created in the spermaceti organ inside the whale's
head.
• Uses:
• Spermaceti is used in ointments, cosmetic creams, fine wax candles and
textile finishing.
Toxin vs antitoxin
• A toxin (from Ancient Greek: τοξικόν toxikon) is a poisonous
substance produced within living cells or organisms
• An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific
toxin. Antitoxins are produced by certain animals, plants, and
bacteria. Although they are most effective in neutralizing toxins, they
can kill bacteria and other microorganisms
Venom vs Antivenom vs Antiserum
• Venom: a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes, spiders,
and scorpions and typically injected into prey or aggressors by biting or
stinging.
• Antivenom (or antivenin or antivenene) is a biological product used in the
treatment of venomous bites orstings. Antivenom is created by
milking venom from a relevant snake, spider, insect, or fish. The venom is
then diluted and injected into a horse, sheep, rabbit, or goat. The subject
animal will undergo an immune response to the venom, producing
antibodies against the venom's active molecules which can then be
harvested from the animal's blood and used to treat envenomation.
• Antiserum: a blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens,
injected to treat or protect against specific diseases.
Thanks