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Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration
Review
The process of breaking
down glucose to release
energy and produce CO2 and
H2O in the presence of
Oxygen is called…
Cellular respiration
The first stage of cellular respiration is
called…..
Glycolysis
Glycolysis breaks down Glucose to
produce this 3 carbon end-product.
Pyruvate
During glycolysis, this electron carrier
_____________picks-up two electrons
to become this molecule___________.
NAD+ and NADH
The process of glycolysis starts with an
input of energy in the form of …….
( 2 ) ATP
The net yield of energy from glycolyis is
___ ATP and _____electron carriers in
the form of NADH
2 ATP and 2 NADH
In the presence of oxygen, the
metabolism of pyruvate continues in
this organelle….
Mitochodrion
Specifically within this area of the
mitochondrion
matrix
Within the matrix, the second stage of
respiration occurs, namely……
The Krebs Cycle
In the Krebs cycle, each of the 3
carbons contained in pyruvate
eventually leave the cycle in the form of
…..
Carbon dioxide
Importantly, for each pyruvate that
enters the cycle, 4 electron carriers
__________ and 1 electron carrier
__________ are produced.
NADH and FADH2
The electron carriers then pass off the
high energy electrons to this,
______________the third stage of
cellular respiration.
The Electron Transport Chain
The “ETC”
The ETC uses the energy of the
electrons to pump ___ from the matrix
to the inter-membrane space.
H+ ions
The electrons at the end of the ETC,
now depleted of energy, combine with
__________ and _________ to form
____________.
Oxygen and (2) H+ to form WATER
The Hydrogen ions, diffuse through the
_____________ to allow the formation
of __________.
ATP synthase , ATP
The overall equation for cellular
respiration is ___________.
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 and 6H2O
In the absence of Oxygen, glycolysis is
followed by _______________.
Fermentation
Cells like yeast that contain the proper
enzymes, ferment glucose to form
alcohol, this type of fermentaion is
called …..
Alcoholic fermentation
Humans and bacteria that make yogurt
produce another product through
fermenataion, namely _______.
Lactic acid
What do sauerkraut
wine and beer all have in common?
All are produced through fermentation.
The reason cells must ferment is that
for glycolysis to continue, _________
must be regenerated.
NAD+
Glycolysis and fermentaion take place
in this area of the cell…..
cytosol
The net gain of ATP using cellular
respiration is _______ ATP per input
glucose .
38
The net gain of ATP through
fermentation is _____________
(2) ATP
Compared to the amount of energy
trapped in glucose, cellular respiration
is only about ____________% efficient.
45%
Fermentation is far less efficient with
only about a _______% efficiency
compared to glucose.
3-4%
In humans, quick energy is supplied
by_____________.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
In humans, energy for a longer, evenly
paced race is supplied by
____________.
Cellular respiration
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