Download map review ib 20th-12yopj2 - IB 20th c. World History Y2

Name:
IB 20th century Review Map
Please Identify:
• P2/3: Authoritarian/SPS: locations, leaders, political & economic affiliations, supra-national organizations
• P2/3: Cold War Hot Spots: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
• P1/3: Rights & Protest: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
Key
Years
U.S. President
19451952
Harry S Truman
19521960
Dwight D
Eisenhower
(IKE)
19601963
John F Kennedy
(JFK)
19631968
Lyndon B
Johnson
(LBJ)
19681973
Richard M Nixon
19731976
Gerald Ford
19761980
Jimmy Carter
19801988
Ronald Reagan
19881992
International
Counterparts (SPS)
(Paper 2)
Domestic Policies:
Legislation…
(Paper1/3)
Civil Rights Connections
(Paper 1, HOA P3)
Foreign Policies:
Conflicts, Doctrines…
(Paper 2/3)
Cold War Connections
(Paper 2)
Stance on South
Africa
(Paper 1)
George H W Bush
1940s
-WWII Conferences/Big 3
-Truman Doctrine
-Marshall Plan
-George Keenan/
Long Telegram
-Berlin Blockade/Airlift
-NATO
-Mao & PRC
-Tito & Yugoslavia
1950s
-NSC-68
-Korean war
-Fall of Dien Bien Phu
-SEATO
-Warsaw Pact
-Secret Speech
-Nasser, Egypt, Aswan, Suez
-Hungarian uprising
-Eisenhower Doctrine
1960s
-Berlin Wall
-Non-Aligned Movement
-U2 Crisis
-Cuban Revolution (Castro)
-Bay of Pigs Invasion
-Cuban Missile Crisis
-Kennedy Doctrine
-Six Day War
-Brezhnev Doctrine
-Prague Spring
-Nixon Doctrine / Vietnamization
1970s
-Detente
-Yom Kippur War
-Camp David Accords
-Fall of Saigon
-Deng Xiaoping, Four Modernizations
-Iranian Revolution
-Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
1980s
-Solidarity in Poland
-Carter Doctrine
-Gorbachev: Perestroika, Glasnost,
Democratization, Sinatra Doctrine
-Independence Movements in Eastern
Europe
-Fall of the Berlin Wall
-Tiananmen Square
-Yeltsin & Fall of USSR
Name:
IB 20th century Review Map
Please Identify:
• P2/3: Authoritarian/SPS: locations, leaders, political & economic affiliations, supra-national organizations
• P2/3: Cold War Hot Spots: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
• P1/3: Rights & Protest: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
USSR
NAM
DPRK
ROK Japan
USA
PRC
Egypt
NAM
Cuba
NAM
NAM
NAM
NAM
South Africa
Key
Name:
IB 20th century Review Map
Please Identify:
• P2/3: Authoritarian/SPS: locations, leaders, political & economic affiliations, supra-national organizations
• P2/3: Cold War Hot Spots: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
• P1/3: Rights & Protest: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
USSR
NAM
DPRK
ROK Japan
USA
PRC
Egypt
NAM
Cuba
NAM
NAM
NAM
NAM
South Africa
Key
• P2/3: Authoritarian/SPS: locations, leaders, political & economic affiliations, supranational organizations
• USSR: Lenin & Stalin (Cold War: Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov / Chernenko, Gorbachev)
• Asia: PRC: Mao (N. Korea: Kim Il-Sung)
• The Populists: Argentina/Peron (1940s+), Egypt/Nasser (1952+), Cuba/Castro (1959+)
• P2/3: Cold War Hot Spots: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
• Africa: Egypt (Suez crisis: 1956), South Africa (role in UN)
• Asia: Japan (occupied: 1945-52), China (PRC: 1949), Korea (War 1950-53), Vietnam (War:
1950s-70s), Nixon Doctrine / Vietnamization (1969), Deng’s 4 modernizations (1978+),
Tiananmen Massacre (1989)
• Europe: Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan (1947-8), Germany (E & W) / Berlin (E & W)
1948-9 & 1961 & 1989
• Eastern Europe / Eastern Bloc: Destalinization (1956), Hungary (1956), Prague Spring
(1968), Brezhnev Doctrine (1968), polish Solidarity (1980s), Glasnost & Perestroika under
Gorbachev (1980s), Sinatra Doctrine (1989), Fall of USSR (1991)
• *Yugoslavia under Tito = outlier
• Latin America: Cuba (Bay of Pigs: 1961 & Cuban Missile Crisis: 1962), Kennedy & Johnson
Doctrines (1962 & 65),Chile & Argentina (Guerra sucias), Guatemala (United Fruit)
• Middle East: Egypt (Suez crisis: 1956), Eisenhower Doctrine (1957), Six Day War (1967),
Yom Kippur War (1973), Afghanistan (1979), Iran (1979), Carter Doctrine (1980)
• NATO (1949) [SEATO, 1954] vs. Warsaw Pact (1955)
• Non-Aligned Movement (1961) (Bandung Conference: 1955)
• Détente: 1960s & 70s
• P1/3: Rights & Protest: locations, leaders, key issues, conflicts, resolutions, impacts
• South Africa:
• Nature & Characteristics of Discrimination: Petty vs. Grand Apartheid,
segregation, townships, Bantustans, forced removals (ex. Sophiatown), segregated
education
• Protests & Actions: Non-violence: bus boycotts, defiance campaign, Freedom
Charter (1955); Sharpeville (1960); Rivonia trial (1963-64), imprisonment of ANC
• Key actors / Groups: Nelson Mandela, Chief Albert Lithuli, ANC, PAC, SACP, MK
• United States:
• Nature & Characteristics of Discrimination: Jim Crow, KKK, disenfranchisement,
separate but equal, segregation, Brown vs. Board of Ed. (1954), Little Rock (1957),
• Protests & Actions: Montgomery bus boycott (1955-56), Freedom Riders (1961),
Freedom Summer (1964); Legislation: Civil Rights Act (1964), Voting Rights Act
(1965)
• Key actors / Groups: MLK, Malcolm X, JFK, LBJ, NAACP, SCLC, SNCC, NOI
Years
U.S. President
19451952
Harry S Truman
19521960
Dwight D
Eisenhower
(IKE)
19601963
John F Kennedy
(JFK)
19631968
Lyndon B
Johnson
(LBJ)
19681973
Richard M Nixon
19731976
Gerald Ford
19761980
Jimmy Carter
19801988
Ronald Reagan
19881992
International
Counterparts (SPS)
(Paper 2)
Domestic Policies:
Legislation…
(Paper1/3)
Civil Rights Connections
(Paper 1, HOA P3)
Foreign Policies:
Conflicts, Doctrines…
(Paper 2/3)
Cold War Connections
(Paper 2)
Stance on South
Africa
(Paper 1)
George H W Bush
1940s
-WWII Conferences/Big 3
-Truman Doctrine
-Marshall Plan
-George Keenan/
Long Telegram
-Berlin Blockade/Airlift
-NATO
-Mao & PRC
-Tito & Yugoslavia
1950s
-NSC-68
-Korean war
-Fall of Dien Bien Phu
-SEATO
-Warsaw Pact
-Secret Speech
-Nasser, Egypt, Aswan, Suez
-Hungarian uprising
-Eisenhower Doctrine
1960s
-Berlin Wall
-Non-Aligned Movement
-U2 Crisis
-Cuban Revolution (Castro)
-Bay of Pigs Invasion
-Cuban Missile Crisis
-Kennedy Doctrine
-Six Day War
-Brezhnev Doctrine
-Prague Spring
-Nixon Doctrine / Vietnamization
1970s
-Detente
-Yom Kippur War
-Camp David Accords
-Fall of Saigon
-Deng Xiaoping, Four Modernizations
-Iranian Revolution
-Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
1980s
-Solidarity in Poland
-Carter Doctrine
-Gorbachev: Perestroika, Glasnost,
Democratization, Sinatra Doctrine
-Independence Movements in Eastern
Europe
-Fall of the Berlin Wall
-Tiananmen Square
-Yeltsin & Fall of USSR
Years
U.S. President
International
Counterparts (SPS)
(Paper 2)
USSR: Stalin
19451952
Harry S
Truman
PRC: Mao
Argentina: Peron
Cuba: Batista
South Africa (PM):
Daniel François
Malan
19521960
Dwight D
Eisenhower
(IKE)
Domestic Policies:
Legislation…
(Paper1/3)
*Fair Deal was a plan
announced in January 1949
that proposed health
insurance, minimum wage
and equal rights.
Argentina: Peron
Cuba: Castro
South Africa: Malan,
Johannes Gerhardus
Strijdom, Hendrik
Frensch Verwoerd
(Paper 1, HOA P3)
*Integration of
armed forces:
Allegedly equal
treatment and
opportunity for all.
*Second Red Scare
McCarthyism: Widespread
fear of communist in the
USA. Actions lead to
creation of HUAC (House of
Un-American Activities
Committee) led by senator
McCarthy to investigate
Hollywood industry. Federal
employees were tested for
loyalty.
USSR: Stalin dies in
*Interstate Highway and
53, Khrushchev & de- Defense Act of 1956: to
Stalinization
eliminate unsafe roads,
inefficient routes, and traffic
PRC: Mao
jams.
Egypt: Nasser
Civil Rights
Connections
*Brown v. Board of
Education
*Brown v. Board of
Education: Ended
legal racial
segregation in public
schools (supreme
court decision after
Mr. Brown wanted his
daughters to go to the
nearest school, which
was previously whiteonly).
Foreign Policies:
Conflicts, Doctrines…
(Paper 2/3)
Cold War
Connections
(Paper 2)
Stance on
South Africa
(Paper 1)
See foreign
policies
*Fear of losing
countries to Sovietspread communism
*Berlin Airlift (1948): Western (brought on US
powers (mainly US) airdropped containment;
supplies into W Berlin to make domino policy;
sure the people had all
roll back the
necessary resources/supplies.
borders of
communism;
*Korean War: 1950-3: Proxy
origins of this in
war, UN action, fires
Article X and the
MacArthur
Long Telegram by
George Kennan)
Apartheid
government
established in
1948
(National
Party)
*Eisenhower Doctrine: US
could intervene in the Middle
East to prevent the spread of
communism (containment
policy expanded to Middle East
basically).
Maintained
financial ties
*Truman Doctrine (1947):
mainly created to contain the
Soviet threat in Turkey and
Greece.
*Korea (1950-1953) (proxy
war)
*Egypt (1956) (Suez Crisis)
*Cuba (tensions; Bay of Pigs
invasion was fully being
planned, but only carried out
under JFK)
See foreign
policies
*Domino Theory:
If a country will
become communist
then the
neighboring
countries will
follow.
US avoids
criticism given
similarities to
Jim Crow
South
Maintained
financial ties
Years
19601963
U.S. President
John F
Kennedy
(JFK)
*Assassinated
International
Counterparts (SPS)
(Paper 2)
USSR: Khrushchev
PRC: Mao
Cuba: Castro
Egypt: Nasser
South Africa:
Verwoerd
Domestic Policies:
Legislation…
(Paper1/3)
*“New Frontier”: to help
America stay economically
stable.
*Created the Peace Corps,
initiated the space race, and
worked with congress for low
income housing and equal pay
for women.
Civil Rights
Connections
Cold War
Connections
(Paper 2)
Stance on
South Africa
(Paper 1)
*Cuba (1961 Bay of
Pigs; 1962 Cuban
Missile Crisis; 1962
US Embargo on
Cuba)
*Began Vietnam
War (US works to
protect/aid S Korea
in fighting off the
communist Viet
Cong powers of N
Korea, backed by
the USSR).
UN: move to
take actions re:
SA after
Sharpeville
*American troops
in Vietnam during
his presidency;
although, he did not
*Ratification of 24th
*Agreed
to
diffuse
tensions
in
the
want them there and
Amendment
Middle East.
tried to initiate peace
*Civil Rights Act (1964):
talks, but nothing
Outlawed discrimination
*Agreed to not send nuclear
happened until he
based on race, sex, color,
weapons to other countries or help was out of office.
sexual orientation, etc.
them make nukes (debatable
*Vietnam (had the
Signed into action by LBJ.
whether either side followed this). intent of beginning
to pull out of
*Voting Rights Act
*LBJ
avoided
crisis
with
USSR!
Vietnam because of
(1965)
the protests and high
*Fair Housing Act (1968)
death toll for
Thurgood Marshall nominated to
American soldiers)
the Supreme Court, 1967
1967-67: Arms
embargo &
naval ships
avoided SA
waters
(Paper 1, HOA P3)
(1960s = sit-ins, 1961
= Freedom Rides)
*Kennedy was active in
civil rights, but was
unable to push too hard
due to his need for
support from Southern
Democrats.
Foreign Policies:
Conflicts, Doctrines…
(Paper 2/3)
*Kennedy Doctrine: spread the
policy of containment to the W
hemisphere (esp Latin America)
*Alliance for Progress: JFK’s
attempt to boost economic
cooperation between the US and
Latin America (1961)
*Indirect proxy conflicts in
Cuba and Vietnam
*Increased tensions after Bay of
Pigs when US attempted to
overthrow Castro (turned Cuba
against US and in turn improved
Cuba-USSR relations)
*Economically he is
remembered for his tax cuts.
1961: SA
became a
Republic
US maintained
financial ties
*Almost direct nuclear war after Cuban
Missile Crisis (ended by US removing
Juniper missiles from Turkey and USSR
removing missiles from Cuba)
19631968
Lyndon B
Johnson
(LBJ)
USSR: Khrushchev,
Brezhnev
*Great Society: Domestic
Policy (elimination of poverty
and racial injustice)
PRC: Mao
Cuba: Castro
Egypt: Nasser
South Africa:
Verwoerd, Balthazar
Johannes Vorster
*“Hey, hey, LBJ, how many
kids did you kill today?”-->
common rallying cry at the
many rallies/public protests led
against US involvement in
Vietnam (in which public was
mainly the youth and blamed
LBJ for the violence; hippie
generation; ex. Woodstock)
(1963 = March on
Washington & Freedom
Summer)
*1965: assassination of Malcolm
X
*Signed Outer Space Treaty
which banned nuclear weapons in
space.
Maintained
financial ties
*1968 = MLK & RFK = Assassinated
Years
19681973
U.S. President
International
Counterparts (SPS)
(Paper 2)
Richard M Nixon USSR: Brezhnev
PRC: Mao
Cuba: Castro
Egypt: Nasser, Sadat
Domestic Policies:
Legislation…
(Paper1/3)
*Watergate Scandal
*1969→ first man to walk on
the moon (ARMSTRONG +
ALDRIN)
*26 Amendment: 18 year olds
are given the right to vote.
South Africa: BJ Vorster
Civil Rights
Connections
(Paper 1, HOA P3)
Foreign Policies:
Conflicts, Doctrines…
(Paper 2/3)
*1st large-scale
integration of public
schools in the South
*Nixon Doctrine: Vietnamization (US
starts preparing to end involvement in
Vietnam; slowly start withdrawing)
*Philadelphia Plan in
1970—the first
significant federal
affirmative action
program
*Ping Pong Diplomacy (US ping pong
player caught a ride with the Chinese ping
pong player to the ping pong portion of the
Olympics in China; metaphor for back and
forth interactions between US and Chinese
governments)
*ERA: passed both
houses of Congress in
1972 and was
submitted to the state
legislatures for
ratification….
*Panda Diplomacy (China gives pandas to
their allies/people they want superficially
good relations with)
*Detente: improve relations between the US
and USSR; easing of Cold War tensions.
*Detente with the PRC was important for
the US because the situation in Vietnam had
led the United States to believe containment
was not possible there, and it wanted the
PRC’s assistance in its exit strategy
19731976
Gerald Ford
PRC: deaths of Zhou
Enlai & Mao die, power
struggle – gang of 4,
victory of Hua Guafeng
Argentina: Peron (again)
Cuba: Castro
Egypt: Sadat
South Africa: BJ
Vorster, Pieter Willem
Botha
*NEVER ELECTED AS
PRESIDENT OR VICE
PRESIDENT!!!!!
*Supporter of the
ERA: …still not
ratified
*2 assassination attempts, within *Administration
three weeks of each other and in created the
framework of the
the same state
Helsinki Watch, an
independent non*Strong supporter of Eagle
governmental
Scouts of America
organization created
to monitor
*Pardoned Nixon
compliance that later
evolved into Human
*Didn't do much as a president
Rights Watch
though...
*Furthered Detente in August 1975 when
meeting with Brezhnev and heads of other
European nations to sign the Helsinki
Accords
*Yom Kippur War of 1973
*Helsinki Accords - Signed by European
nations and United States to recognize the
existing boundaries of European countries
established at the end of WW2. Also
included statements in support of human
rights (caused a little tension on the Soviet
side)-- lack of implementation of this
prompts the Charter 77 to be created by
Czech revolutionaries/dissidents)
Cold War Connections
(Paper 2)
PRC = UN & UNSC seats (replace
ROC)
*USSR needs detente → economy
was stagnating (needed to transfer
economic resources from the
production of armaments to
production of consumer goods, and
also to import technology from the
West)
*Nixon hoped to use detente to get
the USSR and also China to put
pressure on North Vietnam to end
the war
Stance on
South Africa
(Paper 1)
Strengthened
contacts with
the whiteminority
governments
in southern
Africa —
Portugal (in
relation to
Angola and
Mozambique)
, Rhodesia
and apartheidera South
Africa
*Proxy war in Vietnam
*Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos (as part
of Vietnamization, Nixon authorized
the secret bombing of Cambodia and
Laos as part of efforts to withdraw
US troops from Vietnam but people
found out about it anyway)
*Vladivostok Accords-- general
outline for a successor treaty to
SALT I
*Evacuation from US embassy in
Saigon (load helicopters with
civilians up until the last minute
though; super dramatic)
*Cambodian Communists, known as
the Khmer Rouge, seized an
American cargo ship
*End of Vietnam War (ends 1975)
Maintained
financial ties
Years
19761980
U.S. President
International
Counterparts (SPS)
(Paper 2)
USSR: Brezhnev
Jimmy Carter
PRC: Hua Gaufeng,
Deng Xiaoping
Cuba: Castro
Egypt: Sadat
Domestic Policies:
Legislation…
(Paper1/3)
*Department of Energy
-Emergency Natural Gas
Act
-Energy Security Act
*U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corp.
created b/c of Energy Security
Act
South Africa: Pieter
Willem Botha
19801988
Ronald Reagan
Civil Rights Connections
(Paper 1, HOA P3)
“He carried every Southern state
*Camp David Accords of 1978 with
except Virginia by winning 95% of the Egypt and Israel after Yom Kippur
black vote compared with 45% of the
War of 1973; turning point in their
white vote”
relations
*ERA: still not ratified
Carter Center in 1982+ national and
international public policy, conflict
resolution, human rights and
charitable causes
2002 Nobel Peace Prize recipient
USSR: Andropov,
Chernenko, Gorbachev
*Inflation domestically
(Reaganomics)
*opposed Civil rights Act of ‘64,
Voting Rights Act of ‘65 under LBJ
PRC: Deng Xiaoping,
Chen Yun
*Tax Reform Act of 1986 Largest tax cut of American
history
*1981: appointed Sandra Day
O'Connor as the first female justice of
the Supreme Court
*War on Drugs (“Just say no”
policy, especially pushed by
Nancy Reagan)
*1982 signed a bill extending the
Voting Rights Act for 25 yrs
Cuba: Castro
Egypt: Hosni Mubarak
*1988: vetoed the Civil Rights
Restoration Act, but was overridden
by Congress
*1988: expanded Fair Housing Act
South Africa: Pieter
Willem Botha
(1984: Abolished the position
of Prime Minister in 1984
and became Executive State
President)
19881992
George H W
Bush
USSR: Gorbachev
PRC: Chen Yun
Cuba: Castro
Egypt: Hosni Mubarak
South Africa: PJ Botha
(resigns 1989), FW de
Klerk
Foreign Policies:
Conflicts, Doctrines…
(Paper 2/3)
Cold War Connections
(Paper 2)
*USSR invaded
Afghanistan; US works
with future Al-Qaeda to
counter the Soviet threat
in the area
Maintained
financial ties
*Star Wars: wants to
send lasers into space
(not at all realistic but
shows Gorbachev that
the Soviets don't have
the resources to
counteract something
like that and escalation
can't continue forever;
turning point in USUSSR relations)
Supported SA as a
valuable anticommunist ally
Described the
ANC as "a
terrorist
organization
*Iran (hostage crisis)--> only
released after he left power bc the
Iranian ruler was pissed at Carter
*Carter Doctrine: military force
could be used if necessary to defend
US interests in the Persian Gulf
*Increased defense spending as part
of his Soviet defense strategy. (See:
Star Wars)
*Re-freezing of the Cold War
*Very anti-communist stance
*Reagan and Gorbachev interact
quite a lot - Both attend Geneva
Conference
*”Mr. Gorbachev tear down this
wall” speech by Reagan (1987);
Berlin Wall does eventually come
down (1989) (not really to the merit
of Reagan but still)
*opposed the ERA
*Due to a $2.8 trillion debt, he
was unable to enact major
domestic policies. Instead he
advocated:
- Volunteerism
- Education Reform
- Anti-Drug Efforts
*This was known as the
limited agenda
*ERA: still not ratified
*1989: Fair Labor Standards
Amendments
*1990: Americans with Disabilities
Act
*1990: Civil Rights Act Vetoed
*1990: Immigration Act of 1990
*1991 Civil Rights Act
Stance on South
Africa
(Paper 1)
*1989: Criticized for placing limited *1989: special
sanctions on PRC post- Tiananmen
assistance for Poland
*1989: Ousted Noriega in Panama
*1990: Iraq (Kuwait) / Persian Gulf
War I / 1991: Operation desert Strom
1991: Commit troops to Somalia
Reagan vetoed the
Comprehensive
Anti-Apartheid
Act in 1986,
Congress overrode
veto
*Supported
UNITA & Jonas
Savimbi in
Angolan Civil War
1990: release of
Mandela
*1991: Signed Strategic
Arms Reduction Treaty,
START w/ Gorbachev
1991: South
African Sanctions
Removed by US
*1992: Nuclear Arms
Reduction Agreements
1994: End of
Apartheid
Election of
Mandela