Download Ch. 22 Darwinian View of Life

CH 22 STUDY GUIDE : DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION
A DARWINIAN VIEW OF LIFE
KEY TERMS
Biological evolution
evidence for evolution
Jean Baptist de Lamarck
Geologic
inheritance of acquired
characteristics
Radioactive decay
Fossils
James Hutton
Paleontology
catastrophism
Biogeography
uniformitarianism
Comparative anatomy
Charles Lyell
homologous
Alfred Russell Wallace
analogous
Charles Darwin
vestigial
natural selection
Domestication
survival of the fittest
Embryology
Thomas Malthus
adaptation
variation
fitness
excessive reproduction
WORD ROOTS
bio - = life; geo - = the Earth (biogeography: the study of the past and present distribution of
species)
end - = within (endemic: a type of species that is found only in one region and nowhere else in
the world)
homo - = like, resembling (homology: similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared
ancestry)
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paleo - = ancient (paleontology: the scientific study of fossils)
taxo - = arrange (taxonomy: the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the
diverse forms of life)
vestigi - = trace (vestigial organs: structures of marginal, if any, importance to an organism,
historical remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors)
QUESTIONS
1. Explain Charles Darwin's contributions to evolutionary ideas. Give the
basic assumptions upon which Darwin's theory rests. Indicate the types of
evidence that Darwin used in formulating his theory.
2. Summarize in your own words Darwin’s theory of natural selection as the
mechanism of evolution.
3. List the processes that can lead to genetic variation.
4. Explain why changes in somatic cells cannot bring about evolution.
5. Contrast Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics with
Darwin's theory of natural selection.
6. Within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC, a patient’s HIV
population consists entirely of 3TC - resistant HIV. Explain how this rapid
evolution of drug resistance is an example of natural selection.
7. Name three vestigial structures found in Homo sapiens and suggest the
functional structure from which they evolved.
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8. a. Match the theory or philosophy and its proponent(s) with the following
descriptions:
A. catastrophism
a. Aristotle
B. inheritance of aquired characteristics
b. Cuvier
C. gradualism
c. Darwin
D. natural selection
d. Hutton
E. natural theology
e. Lamark
F. scale of nature
f. Linnaeus
G. uniformitarianism
g. Lyell
Theory
Proponent
1. _____
_____Discovery of the Creator’s plan through
classification of species
2. _____
_____ History of Earth marked by floods or
droughts that resulted in extinctions
3. _____
_____ Early explanation of mechanism of
evolution
4. _____
_____ Profound change is the cumulative
product of slow but continuous processes
5. _____
_____ Fixed species on a continuum from
simple to complex
6. _____
_____ Differential reproductive success leads to
adaptation to environment and evolution
7. _____
_____ Geologic processes have constant rates
throughout time
b. Now place 1 through 7 in chronological order.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
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