Download Chapter 1 : Classification of living things (1) Learning objectives: 1

Chapter 1 : Classification of living things (1)
Learning objectives:
1. Experience the diversity of living things.
2. To classify living things into six kingdoms：
Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia; Archaebacteria,.
3. List the characteristics of the kingdoms.
4. List the characteristics of some of the phylums.
(mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms)
(cnidaria, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, chordata)
5. Understand the phylum which some of the commonly seen living things belongs to.
Prior knowledge of student：
F.1 Integrated Science
Chapter 2 :
A. Eubacteria

lack nucleus (nuclear membrane).

cell wall has a special material that can only be found in eubacteria.

Example : Bacteria
B. Archaebacteria

Not covered yet!
like organisms of eubacteria, are also prokaryotes (meaning organisms lack
nuclear membrane). without nucleus

cell wall does not have the material that can only be found in eubacteria
as said above.

biochemical reactions (biology) is very different from eubacteria.

according to researches, they are closer to eukaryotes than eubacteria.
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C. Kingdom Protista

include simple eukaryotes (meaning organisms with true nucleus), most of them
are single-celled. 3B 8/9/09

This kingdom is the simplest of the eukaryotes.

Examples : Amoeba, Trypanosomes that caused sleeping sickness,
Plasmodium that caused malaria, Protozoa
Single celled algae like diatoms or dinoflagellates that caused
red tide / alga bloom1
D. Fungi

most are in the form of mycelium (hyphae).

do not have chlorophyll, so cannot make food for themselves.

hyphae of fungi has cell wall but composition is different from the
cell wall of plants.
E. Plantae
I.
Mosses

is a relatively simple group of the plant kingdom.

mostly grown in damp places, usually seen on surface of rock or mud.

some don’t differentiate into root, stem and leaves at all

while some have stem and simple leaves.

all mosses don’t have true root.

all mosses don’t have vascular tissue, thus is weak in transporting water, and this
limit their size and height.
II. Ferns
Perennial plants, is the most ancient vascular plant.
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Cell wall of diatoms has lots of silicone (major elements of sand and semi-conductors).
Structure of the Cell wall of diatoms is very strange, it is made of two parts jointing together like a Petri-dish.
When diatoms die, the porour, silicone containing shell, become ‘’, frequently added to cosmetics, through rubbing,
remove hard skin or for cleaning, tooth paste.
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III. Gymnosperms

The most distinct characteristic is naked seed, without the protection of fruit.

The well-known conifers like pines and junipers, cycads and gingko all belongs to
this group.
IV. Angiosperms (also known as ‘Flowering plant’ in I.S.)
Examples : Grass, Rice, Barley, Wheat, Corn / Maize.
Bauhinia, Hibiscus, Delonix, Bombax.
Chinese cabbage, Potato, Water melon.
End of Chapter 1
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