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Classification Notes (Taxonomy) • Biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner • Allows them to study the diversity of life • Taxonomy-A discipline where scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name. Binomial Nomenclature • Naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus where each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. – Always written in ITALICS – First letter of first word Capitalized – Second word all lower case – First word is the genus – Second word is the species – Always in Latin – Example: Homo sapien Hierarchial System • Each level is called a TAXON. • Remember: King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup • Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus Species Phylogeny- The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms. • Used to develop a classification system. Evolutionary Classification: Strategy of grouping organisms together based on their evolutionary history. Displayed in a cladogram. Three Domains • Bacteria – Eubacteria • Archae – Archaebacteria • Eukarya – Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Domain Bacteria • Contains the kingdom Eubacteria. • Unicellular and prokaryotic • Thick rigid cell wall that contains peptidoglycan • Some need oxygen (aerobes) and some do not (anaerobes) Domain Archae • Includes kingdom Archaebacteria • Unicellular and prokaryotic • Live in extreme environments (volcanic hot springs, etc.) • Cell walls lack peptidoglycan • Most survive in absence of oxygen Domain Eukarya • Includes kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Protista • Eukaryotic with great variety • Most are single-celled • Some are photosynthetic while others are heterotrophic. Fungi • Heterotrophs • Most feed on dead or decaying matter • Most are multicellular, but some are unicellular. Plantae • Multicellular • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Non-motile • Cell walls contain cellulose. *Animalia • Multicellular heterotrophs • Do not have cell walls • Most move about during at least part of their life cycle. Very diverse Six Kingdoms • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia