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Plant Study Questions 1. What 4 characteristics make a plant a plant? a. Make their own food (photosynthesis) b. Has a cuticle c. Has a cell wall d. Reproduces using spores or sex cells 2. What is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs? a. Chloroplast 3. What makes a plant green? a. chlorophyll 4. What is the purpose of a cuticle? a. Waxy layer that holds the moisture in the plant and keeps the plant from drying out 5. What elements go in to photosynthesis? a. Carbon Dioxide, Water, Sunlight (CO2, H2O, Sunlight) 6. What comes out of photosynthesis? a. Glucose and Oxygen (O2 and C6H12O6) 7. What two categories are plants classified into? a. Vascular b. Non-Vascular 8. What types of plants are non-vascular? a. Mosses & Liverworts 9. What does it mean to be a non-vascular plant? a. Does not have the piping to carry water and nutrients throughout a plant 10.What two types of plants are vascular? a. Seedless Plants b. Plants with seeds 11.What does it mean if a plant is vascular? a. It has the piping to carry water and nutrients throughout a plant 12.What two types of vascular plants have seeds? a. Angiosperms b. Gymnosperms 13.What is a gymnosperm? a. A vascular plant with seeds that DOES NOT have flowers 14.What is an angiosperm? a. A vascular plant with seeds that HAS flowers 15.Where does a gymnosperm hold its seeds? a. In its cones 16.Where does an angiosperm hold its seeds? a. In its fruits 17.What is the purpose of a flower? a. Attracts pollinators for reproduction 18.What is an example of a gymnosperm? a. Conifer b. Gingko c. Cycad d. Gnetophyte 19.What is an example of an angiosperm? a. Any plant that produces fruit (apple tree) b. Any flowers c. Grasses 20.How are flowers used for reproduction? a. Colors and Scents attract the pollinators for reproduction 21.Why are gymnosperms important? a. Makes wood and paper products b. Produces resin which is used in soaps and other goods 22.Why are angiosperms important? a. Makes wood products b. Makes our food c. Makes medicines 23.What are the two classes that angiosperms can be broken into? a. Monocots b. Dicots 24.What are the four characteristics of monocots? a. One cotyledon leaf b. Scattered vascular tissue c. Parallel leaf veins d. Flower petals in 3’s 25.What are the four characteristics of dicots? a. Two cotyledon leaves b. Vascular tissue in a ring c. Branching leaf veins d. Flower petals in 4’s and 5’s 26.What is the name for the male or female sex cell in plants? a. Gametophyte 27.What are the 4 main parts of a seed? a. Seed Coat b. Cotelydon c. Embryo/Sprophyte d. Food Supply 28.Which part of the seed stores food for the growing embryo/sporophyte? a. Food Supply 29.Which part of the seed becomes the seeds first leaves? a. Cotyledon 30.Which part of the seed is the baby plant? a. Embryo/Sporophyte 31.Which part of the seed is the outer coat that protects the seed? a. Seed Coat 32.Which animal is responsible for 80% of the Earth’s pollination of crops? a. Bees 33.What does it mean when a plant, “germinates?” a. Seed begins to grow and develop into a plant 34.What are the 5 Ways that a seed can travel? a. Wind b. Water c. Waste d. Spitting e. Sticking 35.What makes up the root system? a. roots 36.What is the root system dependent on? a. Shoots (stems) 37.What are the two types of vascular tissue? a. Xylem b. Phloem 38.What does the xylem do? a. Carries water and minerals UP through the plant 39.What does the phloem do? a. Carries glucose (sugar) DOWN through the plant 40.What are the 3 main functions of roots? a. Anchor the plant b. Absorbs water and minerals c. Stores surplus food 41.What do you call the outermost layer that covers the surface of a root? a. epidermis 42.What do you call the cells of the root epidermis? a. Root hairs 43.What protects the tip of a root and produces a slimy substance that makes it easier for the root to grow through the soil? a. Root cap 44.What are the two types of roots? a. Tap root b. Fibrous root 45.Describe a taproot. a. One thick main root with smaller roots attached (like a carrot) 46.Describe a fibrous root. a. Many roots of the same size attached 47.What is a simple name for a shoot? a. stem 48.What are 3 functions of a stem? a. Supports structure of plant b. Carries water and minerals through the plant c. Some store surplus food 49.What are the two main stem structures? a. Herbaceous b. Woody 50.Describe an herbaceous stem. a. Soft, thin, flexible 51.Describe a woody stem. a. Rigid, hard, made of wood 52.Give an example of an herbaceous stem. a. flower 53.Give an example of a woody stem. a. tree 54.Are potatoes considered roots or shoots? a. shoots 55.Suppose the cross section of a tree reveals 12 light and 12 dark rings. How many years of growth are represented? Why? a. 12yrs because one dark ring represents a Winter/Fall season and one light ring represents a Summer/Spring season. Together, they make one year. 56.Do you think plants with herbaceous stems live longer than plants with woody stems? Explain why or why not. a. Woody because they are stronger and last for more than one growing season 57.Why are leaves known as a plants, “food factory?” a. They use photosynthesis to make food for the plant 58.How do leaves make food for a plant? a. Photosynthesis (convert sunlight, CO2, H2O into O2 and Glucose) 59.What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis (words or chemicals)? a. Sunlight +Carbon Dioxide+Water = Oxygen + Glucose b. Sunlight + CO2 + H2O = O2 + C6H12O6 60.How is the function of stems related to the function of leaves? a. Vascular tissues relate them (xylem & phloem) 61.What covers the top and bottom surface of a leaf? a. epidermis 62.What other plant structure has this layer of cells? a. roots 63.What do you call the tiny pores in the epidermis? a. Stomata 64.What is the function of the stomata? a. Allows carbon dioxide into the leaf 65.What type of cells open and close the stomata? a. Guard cells 66.Why would the stomata open and close? a. To keep germs out of the plant 67.Which two vascular tissues are found on a leaf? a. Xylem b. Phloem 68.Which organism is the ancestor of all plants? a. Green algae 69.Why do seeds need to travel? a. To find the right conditions to replant and grow 70.Where are two places that you can find seeds in angiosperms? a. Flowers b. fruits 71.What is it called when the sporophyte in a seed begins to grow? a. germination 72.What is it called when the sporophyte in a seed breaks out of its seed coat? a. Young plant 73.What is it called when an animal or wind carries pollen from one plant to another? a. pollination