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Biology Standard 3
Name ___________________________________
Biology Standard 3  This information will be found in chapter 8, 6, & 2
1. All organisms need a constant source of energy to survive. Ultimate source of energy  __________.
2. The process by which sunlight chemically converts water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy stored
in simple sugars (glucose) is called __________________________________________.
a. Write the balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis. Circle the reactants and underline the
products.
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages:
b. Stage 1 requires solar energy and is called the (Light-Dependent or Light Independent) Reactions.
i. What plant cell organelle absorbs solar energy?
ii. What 2 energy storing molecules are produced?
iii. (T/F) Solar energy splits water molecules and oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a
waste product.
c. Stage 2 doesn’t require solar energy and is called the (Light-Dependent or Light Independent)
Reactions; Also called the Dark Reactions.
i. What 2 energy storing molecules are broken down and used to produce simple sugars
(glucose) from carbon dioxide?
ii. (T/F) Glucose can be used as an energy source through the process of cellular respiration.
3. The process by which organisms convert chemical energy in nutrients to chemical energy stored in ATP
for cellular metabolic processes is called ______________________________________________.
a. (T/F) To transfer the energy stored in glucose to the ATP molecule, a cell must break down
glucose slowly and capture the energy in stages.
b. Write the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration. Circle the reactants and underline
the products.
Cellular Respiration occurs in 2 stages:
c. What is the name of stage 1?
i. ____________________________ molecule  pyruvic acid + ATP
ii. Where in the cell does this reaction take place?
iii. (T/F) Glycolysis requires oxygen.
Biology Standard 3
d. What is the name of stage 2?
i. (T/F) Aerobic Respiration requires oxygen.
ii. What cell organelle does this reaction take place?
iii. What are the 2 names given to the first step of aerobic respiration?

Pyruvic Acid  carbon dioxide + water + energy (2 ATP)
iv. What is the name given to the second step of aerobic respiration?
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(T/F) Most of the energy storing ATP molecules are formed during this part of the
cycle.
Hydrogen + Oxygen  _________________________

What is the other molecule that is released as a waste product?

Each reaction produces a small amount of energy but by the end of the cycle there
are up to _______ ATP molecules produced.
e. If cells lack oxygen, they do not undergo stage 2 but rather undergo a type of anaerobic
respiration called ______________________________.
i. (T/F) Fermentation is not efficient because it produces fewer ATP molecules.
ii. There are two types of fermentation processes. Compare/contrast the chemical reactions
of lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation.
4. What is ATP and what is it an abbreviation for?
a. Name the 3 components that comprise ATP.
b. Cells receive _______________________ when they break phosphate bonds from ATP.
c. What is ADP and how does it form?
d. ________________  ADP + phosphate + energy
e. ADP + phosphate + energy  ____________________
Biology Standard 3
5. All organisms are composed of organic molecules. What element composes all organic molecules?
a. (T/F) Energy is stored in the bonds of organic molecules.
b. ________________________________ is determined by the energy stored in organic molecules.
6. List the 4 types of biological molecules.
a. Proteins are composed of chains of ___________________________________________.
i. What 5 elements comprise amino acids?
ii. How many amino acids are there total?
iii. (T/F) 12 amino acids are made in the body while the others must be consumed in the diet.
iv. (T/F) Proteins are involved in almost every function in the human body.
v. List specific functions of proteins that make them essential for all living organisms.
b. Carbohydrates are composed of _________________, __________________. _______________.
i. 2 main types of carbohydrates are _____________________ & ____________________.
ii. Glucose is a simple sugar called __________________________________________.
iii. (T/F) Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for cells.
iv. Carbohydrates have a (low or high) caloric value.
v. List specific functions of carbohydrates that make them essential for all living organisms.
c. Lipids/Fats are composed of oxygen, __________________, ________________________.
i. What 2 components comprise lipids?
ii. (T/F) Lipids are a high source of energy for cells and contain more ATP.
iii. Lipids have (more or less) carbon-hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates.
iv. List specific functions of lipids that make them essential for all living organisms.
Biology Standard 3
d. Nucleic Acids are composed of repeating units called _______________________________.
i. What 3 components comprise nucleotides?
ii. What are the 2 types of nucleic acids found in living organisms?
iii. List specific functions of nucleic acids that make them essential for all living organisms.
7. Compare/contrast a food chain and food web.
8. What are ecological pyramids?
a. (T/F) The top of the pyramid represents producers.
b. Compare/contrast the following 3 types of ecological pyramids: energy, number, biomass.
i. How much energy is available for the next trophic level?
ii. Energy (increases or decreases) in higher trophic levels.
iii. Population size (increases or decreases) in higher trophic levels.
iv. Biomass (increases or decreases) in higher trophic levels.
9. Energy enters an ecosystem from the ________________.
10. Each level in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem is called a __________________________.
a. The first trophic level consists of primary (producers or consumers).
i. Plants or other photosynthetic organisms are also called __________________________.
b. The second trophic level consists of primary (producers or consumers).
i. Also called __________________________________________.
ii. What are herbivores?
c. The third trophic level consists of secondary (producers or consumers).
i. Compare/contrast carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores.