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KEY CONCEPT
All cells need chemical energy.
The chemical energy used for most cell processes is
carried by ATP.

Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
Starch molecule
Glucose molecule
 ATP
transfers energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to cell functions.
– Energy is released when a phosphate group is
removed.
– ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is
added.
phosphate removed
Organisms break down carbonbased molecules to produce ATP.
 Carbohydrates
are the molecules most commonly
broken down to make ATP.
– not stored in large amounts
– up to 36 ATP from one
glucose molecule
adenosine
triphosphate
tri=3
adenosine
di=2
diphosphate
 Fats
store the most energy.
– 80 percent of the energy in your body
– about 146 ATP from a triglyceride
• Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate
Most organisms can be divided into two different
types based on where they get their energy.
 Organisms
that get their energy from sunlight are
called autotrophs.


This process is called photosynthesis, where carbon
dioxide is and water are reorganized and combined
to make glucose and oxygen gas.
Plants are the most recognizable type of autotroph,
but actually, the organisms that do the most
photosynthesis are phytoplankton in the ocean.
Most organisms can be divided into two different
types based on where they get their energy.
 Organisms
that get their energy from other
organisms are called heterotrophs.



This includes humans and all other animals, most
funguses and many protists.
Some are primary heterotrophs, like cows, which
means they eat autotrophs.
Some are secondary heterotrophs, like the
Tyrannosaurus Rex, which means they eat primary
heterotrophs.
A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and
photosynthesis as a source of energy.


Some organisms live in places
that never get sunlight.
In chemosynthesis, chemical
energy is used to build
carbon-based molecules.


similar to photosynthesis
uses chemical energy instead
of light energy