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Unit 5 Evolution Study Guide
Know the definitions to the following vocabulary words:
Overproduction
Struggle for existence
Fitness
Adaptation
Natural Variation
Inheritance
Difference in Reproductive
success
Survival of the Fittest
Natural Selection
Descent with modification
Homologous structures
Vestigial Organs
Artificial selection
Reproductive Isolation
Speciation
Geographic isolation
Temporal isolation
Behavioral isolation
DNA
Genetic mutation
Evolutionary tree
Common ancestor
Bipedalism
Homo erectus
Homo neanderthalensis
Australopithecus afarensis
Homo sapien
Hominid
Address the learning objectives below
 Lamarck’s Evolution Hypothesis
o According to Lamarck, how did organisms acquire traits.
o Describe the differences and similarities between Darwin’s ideas of evolution and Lamarck’s
ideas about evolution ((hint consider Lamarck’s ideas of Acquired characteristics, and
Darwin’s idea of decent with modification)
 Summarize Darwin’s ideas on evolution
o Define what is meant by the word “natural variation”
o Describe how common genetic variation is in populations of plants and animals
o Explain how evolution is defined in genetic terms
o Identify two main sources of genetic variation:
o Explain why some individuals survive and others do not
o Explain what is meant by “survival of the fittest”
o Explain the roll inheritance and genetics have in evolution
 Common Decent
o Analyze Evolutionary Trees and predict evolutionary relationships (common ancestors)
 Evidence
o Explain how the Fossils Record provides evidence for the theory of evolution
o Define and give an example of a Vestigal Structure
o Define and give an example of a Homologous Structure
o Explain how DNA evidence support Darwin’s ideas about evolution
o Similarities in Embryology
o Artificial Selection
 Process of Speciation
o Identify an important factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species
o Identify ways that populations of the same species can become reproductively isolated.
o Explain why geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences
between their gene pools.
o Identify all the steps which occurred in the speciation of the Galápagos finches
o Explain why the Galapagos finches are an excellent example of speciation.
o Describe what forces drive the speciation in Galapagos’ Finches
 Coevolution
o Define Co-evolution and give an example of two species that probably co-evolved
 Human Evolution (becoming human video clip notes)
o Identify some characteristics modern humans share with primates
o Know where the first Hominids evolved
o Describe how hominids differed from the apes
o Know the famous fossil “Lucy” was the species Australopithecus afarensis
o Explain what is meant by the statement, “ chimpanzees are our closest living relative”
o
Know that there were several Homo species that exist before and with Homo sapiens, and be
able to identify Homo neaderthalensis, Homo erectus and Homo hablis.