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Study Guide for the Great, Nasty, God-Awful Final from Hell Introduction to Physical Anthropology~ Jim Eighmey Instructor If you study the past exam and your study guides you will do well on this exam. Topics You should be able to write about: Definitions of culture. What is it and why it is important. Understand the principles of superposition and uniformitarianism in geology/paleontology. Understand the processes of transcription, translation, and cell division and how they produce genetic variation in organisms. Review your notes on genetics. Understand the following concepts: Structure of DNA Translation Transcription Amino Acids Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis haploid diploid MDNA Y-Chromosome Gregor Mendel Polygenic Traits Discrete Traits Dominant and Recessive The great chain of being Lamark Fitness Macroevolution Microevolution Evolutionary theory Essentialism, Great chain of being Darwinian selection, Fitness, Biological Evolution Homologous structures, analogous structures Convergent evolution, parallel evolution, divergent evolution Adaptive radiation Gradualism vs. punctuated equalibriam Phylogenies vs. cladograms, anagenisis vs. cladogensis Allopatric and Sympatric evolution. Ecological Species Lamarckism Thomas Malthus, Alfred Wallace What is a species Primate Taxonomy: Know the basics. What are the prosimians? The pongidae? Features of Old World vs. New World monkeys? Concentrate on the Apes. Do you know the taxa of the Great Apes? Hominids vs. Hominoids Primate Anatomy and Features Unique features of primates Aboreal adaptations, brachiation Bipedalism vs. quadrupedalism Sexual dimorphism Dental formulas Primate Behavior Mother/Infant bonds Grooming Altruism Paleontology: Basic differences between Australopithecines and Homo sp. A. boisei, H. habilis, A. africanus, A. afarensis, A. robustus, H. ergaster, El Fayum Superposition Radiocarbon dating Absolute (chronometric) vs. relative dating techniques Who were the Neanderthals? Where and when? What was their relation to Homo sapiens sapiens> When did modern humans emerge? Where? How are moderns different from archaic Homo? When did we become bipedal? How do we know? Pangea ~ what was it? When was it? What is an analogous structure? Anogenisis? Foramen magnum? Supraorbital Taurus. Know the dental formula for hominids like us. Biostratigraphy Taphonomy K-selection vs. R-selection. When did modern people emerge? Where? Why? Homo erectus: Zhoukoudian. H. Erectus’s technology, distributional history, basic cranial features. Eugene Dubois. WT1500. Australopithecine technology, general location, form. Mousterian? Ascheulian? Olduwan? What are these? Know them! What’s a hand axe? What’s a core?