Download Recombinant DNA

Biotechnology
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Biotechnology is the use of organisms or their products to
improve human health and food production.
Forensics
*Forensics uses scientific techniques to collect DNA evidence
for the legal system.
*DNA Fingerprinting is the identification of a person using his
DNA.
*It is 99% accurate!
*It is performed by cutting DNA with enzymes and separating
the fragments.
*Electrophoresis uses electrical charges to separate DNA.
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
*Recombinant DNA technology uses the natural process
of transcription and translation to alter organisms.
*The fragment of DNA that contains the desired gene is cut and inserted into the
genome of a microscopic biological agent like a bacteria or virus.
*The bacteria or virus now contains recombinant DNA.
*The vaccine for hepatitis B, human insulin, growth hormone, and clot-dissolving
medicine have all been created in this manner.
*Gene therapy- is used to help cure diseases.
(replaces bad genes with good ones)
*Stem Cells- cells found in the human body that have yet to
become a specialized type of cell.
*They have the amazing ability to become any type of cell.
*They may come from:
-adult bone marrow
-umbilical cord blood
-human embryos
Cloning
Clone- a member of a
group of genetically
identical cells
May be produced by
asexual reproduction
(mitosis)
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Cloning organisms
A body cell from one organism and an
egg cell from another are fused
The resulting cell divides like a normal
embryo
Could allow a childless couple to have a child, create
tissues, or cure diseases.
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Human Genome Project
Started in 1990
Research effort to sequence all of our DNA
(46 chromosomes)
Over 3.3 billion nucleotides
Mapping every gene location (loci)
Conducted by scientists around the world
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Benefits of Human
Genome Project
Improvements in medical prevention of disease,
gene therapies, diagnosis techniques …
Production of useful protein products for use in
medicine, agriculture, bioremediation and
pharmaceutical industries.
Improved bioinformatics – using computers to
help in DNA sequencing …
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Biotechnology in Agriculture
*Recombinant DNA technology has greatly improved crops.
(better quality and more bountiful products)
*Plants now resist many herbicides, insects, and even frost.
*Rice has now been genetically engineered to overcome Vitamin
A and iron deficiency.
Herbicide Resistant Crops
+ CP4 EPSPS = Roundup
gene Ready
Soybeans: Roundup Ready
Corn: Roundup Ready, Liberty Link
Cotton: BXN, Roundup Ready
Canola: Liberty Link, Roundup Ready
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Biotechnology Breakthroughs
Insulin (1982)
First commercial biotech product
Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin
Rice
Enriched with beta-carotene and iron
Bananas
Containing edible hepatitis vaccine
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Biotechnology Breakthroughs
Potatoes with higher solid content
Garlic that lowers cholesterol
Fruits and vegetables that reduce risks of
cancer and heart disease
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Environmental Benefits
Reduced pesticide use
Lower energy requirements
Cleaner water
Less soil erosion
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Forensics and DNA Fingerprinting
Medicine
Stem Cell Research
Cloning
Agriculture