Download Poetry

Poetry
-One of the major types of literature,
the others being fiction, non-fiction, folk
tales, and drama.
Elements of Poetry
• Speaker
– Every poem has a speaker, or voice, that talks
to the reader
– The speaker is not necessarily the poet
– Can be fictional person, animal, or thing
But believe me, son.
I want to be what I used to be
When I was like you.
-speaker is a father
• Lines and Stanzas
– A line is a word or row of words that may
or may not form a complete sentence.
– A stanza is a group of lines forming a unit.
– The stanzas in a poem are separated by a
space.
Open it. --line
Go ahead, it won’t bite.
Well…maybe a little.
Stanza
Kinds of Stanzas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Couplet = two line stanza
Triplet = three line stanza
Quatrain = four line stanza
Quintet = five line stanza
Sestet or Sextet = six line stanza
Septet = seven line stanza
Octave = eight line stanza
Sound Effects
• Alliteration is the repetition of consonant
sounds at the beginning of words, used to
emphasize words, imitate sounds, and
create musical effects.
– Ex: “Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout”
• Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds
within a line of poetry
– ex: “weak and weary”
• Consonance: Repetition of consonant sound
in words (not just at the beginning of
words)
– Ex: “Rubbery Blubbery”
• Rhythm and Meter
– Rhythm is the pattern of sound created by
the arrangement of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line.
– Rhythm can be regular or irregular
– Meter is a regular pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables, which sets the overall
rhythm of certain poems. The pattern is
repeated throughout the poem.
Rhyme Words sound alike because they
share the same ending vowel and consonant
sounds
A word always rhymes with itself
Internal rhyme occurs within a line of poetry
End rhyme occurs at the end of lines.
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of the end
rhymes. The golden brooch my mother wore ------ a
She left behind for me to wear; ----------- b
I have no thing I treasure more; -----------a
Yet it is something I could spare ----------b
Figurative Language
Words and phrases that help the
reader picture things in a new way.
• Allusion: Reference to a well known person,
place, event, literary work, or work of art
• Connotation: Meaning beyond the literal;
deeper meaning
• Denotation: A word’s dictionary meaning,
independent of other associations that the
word may have
• Hyperbole:obvious and intentional
exaggeration often used for emphasis.
EX. There are a million people here. I
have a ton of homework tonight.
• Idiom: An expression where the literal
meaning of the words is not the meaning of
the expression. It means something other
than what it actually means.
EX. You are pulling my leg.
• Onomatopoeia is the use of a word or
phrase, such as “hiss”, “buzz”, “thud” or
“sizzle” that imitates or suggests the sound
of what it describes.
• Oxymoron: a combination of contradictory words,
such as 'Jumbo Shrimp' (Jumbo means 'large'
while Shrimp means 'small'). It is a literary figure
of speech in which opposite or contradictory
words, terms, phrases or ideas are combined to
create a rhetorical effect.
EX. Pretty Ugly
• Personification: Figurative language in which a
nonhuman subject is given human characteristics
Ex: “The moon walks in the night”
• Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is
spoken of as though it were something else,
implying a comparison between the two things
EX. “All the world’s a stage, and we are
merely players.” -William Shakespeare
• Simile: A figure of speech in which a
comparison is made of two unlike things or
ideas using the words “like” or “as”
EX. “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”
Symbol: Anything that stands for or represents
something else.
• Theme: Central message or insight into life,
revealed through a literary work.
• Tone: Author’s attitude toward the subject or
audience.
Types of Poems
• Concrete Poem: poem whose meaning is
conveyed through shape or pattern printed
on a page
• Epic: A long narrative poem about the
deeds of gods or heroes. (“The Odyssey”
by Homer is an epic poem)
• Free Verse: Poetry not written in a regular
rhythmical pattern, or meter. It seeks to
recapture the rhythms of speech, and it is
the dominant form of modern poetry.
• Limericks: humorous poem of 5 lines
(aabba rhyme scheme)
• Lyric Poem: A highly musical verse
that expresses the observations and
feelings of a single speaker
• Narrative Poem: A poem that tells a
story.
• Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem,
often written in rhymed iambic
pentameter