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Name:____________________________________________________Date:__________________Period:__________ The Basics of the Immune System: B-Cells - Day 6 Objective: Students will be able to describe the basics of B-Cells and their function QUESTION: The flu shot is a vaccine made up of weakened viruses. Why would we want to purposefully inject a weakened pathogen (virus) into our healthy body? Answers will vary Part 1 - Research Use the information below to describe what is happening in the images below: The B lymphocyte cell searches for antigen matching its receptors. If it finds such antigen it connects to it, and inside the B cell a triggering signal is set off. The B cell now needs proteins produced by helper T cells to become fully activated. When this happens, the B cell starts to divide to produce clones of itself. During this process, two new cell types are created, plasma cells and B memory cells. The plasma cell is specialized in producing a specific protein, called an antibody, that will respond to the same antigen that matched the B cell receptor. Antibodies are released from the plasma cell so that they can seek out intruders and help destroy them. Plasma cells produce antibodies at an amazing rate and can release tens of thousands of antibodies per second. When the Y-shaped antibody finds a matching antigen, it attaches to it. The attached antibodies serve as an appetizing coating for eater cells such as the macrophage. Antibodies also neutralize toxins and incapacitate viruses, preventing them from infecting new cells. Each branch of the Y-shaped antibody can bind to a different antigen, so while one branch binds to an antigen on one cell, the other branch could bind to another cell - in this way pathogens are gathered into larger groups that are easier for phagocyte cells to devour. Bacteria and other pathogens covered with antibodies are also more likely to be attacked by the proteins from the complement system. The Memory Cells are the second cell type produced by the division of B cells. These cells have a prolonged life span and can thereby "remember" specific intruders. T cells can also produce memory cells with an even longer life span than B memory cells. The second time an intruder tries to invade the body, B and T memory cells help the immune system to activate much faster. The invaders are wiped out before the infected human feels any symptoms. The body has achieved immunity against the invader. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Antigen Antibody The B-Cell's antibody recognizes the antigen on the bacteria. The T-Helper cell helps the B-Cell become activated. The B-Cell then divides into two types of B-Cells called plasma cells and memory B-Cells. Vocabulary to include in description: Antigen, Antibody, B-Cell, and Bacteria Vocabulary to include in description: B-Cell and Helper T Cell Vocabulary to include in description: B-Cell, Plasma Cell, Memory B Cell Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 The plasma cell creates and releases antibodies that attach to the antigens on the bacteria cell. The macrophage can easily recognize and kill the bacteria cells that have antibodies attached to their antigens The memory B-Cells learns to remember the bacteria's antigen so that the response to that bacterial infection is faster the next time. Vocabulary to include in description: Plasma Cell, Antibodies, Antigens, and Bacteria Vocabulary to include in description: Antibody, Antigen, Bacteria, and Macrophage Vocabulary to include in description: Antigen, Antibody, Memory B-Cell, and Bacteria Analysis Terms Antigens vs Antibodies Plasma Cells vs Memory B Cells How are they different? Antigens are markers found on cells and especially foreign invaders. Antibodies are markers on immune cells that recognize antigens. Plasma cells mark bacteria with antibodies for destruction. Memory B-Cells develop an antibody so that they can remember the foreign invader Conclusion Since B-Cells don't kill foreign invaders, what do they do to help protect us from diseases (especially diseases we have already been attacked by)? Answers will vary, but should explain that plasma cells might not kill bacterial cells they mark foreign invaders antigens with antibodies so that macrophages can find and kill them easily. B-cells also make memory B-Cells that remember a bacterial invader's antigens so that the body can respond to the bacterial disease quickly. Antibody Macrophage Terms you could include: Check them off as you write. Antigen B-Cell Memory B Cell How many terms did you use? Did you explain each term you used? On a scale of 1-5 (5 being best) what score would you give yourself? Teacher Score Bacteria Plasma Cell