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BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Name: _____________________________________________________
Chapter 2
____ 1. Which area of science involves the study of living things?
a. chemistry
b. biology
c. earth science
d. astronomy
_____2. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of science?
a. the use of tools
b. the use of personal beliefs
c. experimentation
d. the use of SI units
_____3. All scientists use the same
a. system of measurement
c. computers
b. tools
d. data
_____4. Measurement can be used to
a. keep track of changes in an experiment
b. remove personal impressions from scientific data
c. describe observations
d. all of the above
_____5. The scientific method is
a. a procedure that must be strictly followed.
b. a series of steps that cannot be modified.
c. a guide that controls the results of an experiment.
d. a procedure used to answer scientific questions.
Chapter 20
1. ______________________________ is the grouping of objects based on similarities.
2. _____________________ is the science of naming and grouping organisms.
3. _______________ are scientists that study taxonomy.
4. The first classification system divided all living things into ____ groups: _________________ and
________________.
5. This system was designed by _________________, a Greek philosopher.
6. Linnaeus invented the __________-__________ system to identify species, which is called
________________________.
7. What makes up an organisms two part name?
8. List the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest.
9.
Scientific names are typed in ________________ or underlined.
10. The first word in a scientific name is always ______________ and the second word is lower case.
Chapter 7—Biochemistry:
1.
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means is a(n)
_____________________
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2. The basic unit of structure of all elements is the ______________.
3. The dense central portion of the atom is the __________________. It has the positive charged subatomic
particle is the _________________, where as the neutral subatomic particle is the ________________________.
4. _____________ are negatively subatomic particles found in regions called _________________.
5. How many electrons can be in the first energy level? In the second? __________ ________________
6. How many electrons can a carbon atom share? ___________________________
7. What are the building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates? _____________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _____ amino acids
A. type of reaction by which complex molecules are
synthesized from simple molecules
9. _____ enzymes
B. a substance composed of similar repeating units
10. _____nucleic acids
C. Protein that acts as organic catalyst
11. _____ unsaturated fat
D. Digestion is accomplished by this type of reaction
12. _____ amino group
E. -COOH
13. _____hydrolysis
F. RNA and DNA
14. _____ carboxyl group
G. Alcohol found in lipids
15. _____ dehydration synthesis
H. Units of which proteins are composed
16. _____ glycerol
I. A lipid containing carbon atoms with double bonds
between them
17. _____polymer
J. –NH2
Chapter 8-The Cell & Chapter 9 – Plasma Membrane/Movement:
____1) Not all substances can cross the cell membrane, for this reason, the cell membrane is said to be
a) a barrier b) selectively permeable
c) membrane bound
d) a cell wall
____2) Provides structure and support in plant cells only:
a) a nuclear envelope
b) a cell membrane
c) cell wall
d) cytoskeleton
____3) The cell organelle that processes and packages substances produced by the cell is
a) mitochondria
b) ribosomes
c) Golgi apparatus
d) ER
____4) The cell organelle that digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances is
a) mitochondria
b) ER
c) Golgi apparatus
d) lysosomes
____5) The shape of the cell depends on its _______
a) location
b) structure
c) function
d) size
____6) A prokaryote has
a) a nucleus b) a cell membrane c) membrane bound organelles d) All of the above
____7) The first person to observe and describe microscopic organisms and living cells was
a) Robert Hooke b) Rudolf Virchow c) Anton Leeuenhoek
d) Theodor Schwann
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____8) The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
a) osmosis
b) diffusion
c) isotonic
d) kinetic energy
____9) The osmotic effect in plants
a) diffusion
b) plasmolysis
c) capillary action
d) turgor pressure
____10) One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that only
a) prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell membrane
b) prokaryotic cells have a nucleus
c) eukaryotic cells have genetic information
d) eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
____11) The cell organelle that organizes protein synthesis is
a) mitochondria
b) ribosomes
c) ER
d) lysosomes
____12) The organelle that transports proteins
a) mitochondrion
b) ribosomes
d) lysosomes
c) ER
____13) a solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is higher than the concentration inside the
cell.
a) ionic
b) isotonic
c) hypotonic
d) hypertonic
____14) The cell organelle that transfers energy to ATP is
a) mitochondria
b) ER
c) nucleus
d) Golgi apparatus
____15) Storage (food, water) chambers within a cell
a) ER
b) lysosomes c) vacuoles d) ribosomes
____16) Which is not a principle of the cell theory?
a) All matter consists of at least one cell.
b) Cells are the basic units of life.
c) All cells arise from preexisting cells.
d) All organisms are made of one or more cells.
____17) Cell membranes are made of two phospholipid layers called a
a) bilayer
b) hydrophilic
c) polarity
d) semilayer
____18) The cell organelle that synthesizes RNA
a) mitochondria
b) rough ER
c) ribosomes
d) nucleolus
____19) Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells contain No
a) nucleus
b) cell membrane
c) eukaryotes
d) bilayers
____20) The movement of materials across the plasma membrane by the use of transport proteins
a) faster diffusion b) passive diffusion c) facilitated diffusion d) transport diffusion
____21) Unlike animals cells, plant cells have
a) cell membranes
b) mitochondria
c) cell walls
____22) The loss of turgor pressure; causes plant to wilt
a) osmosis
b) turbulence
c) plasmolysis
d) chromosomes
d) dynamic equilibrium
____23) Movement of molecules across the membrane by using their kinetic energy.
a) concentration gradient b) passive transport c) facilitated diffusion d) active transport
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Chapter 10 – Energy in Cell – Photosynthesis/Respiration
1. Energy is released when ATP breaks down to __________ and _______________.
2. What is the general formula for photosynthesis?
3. Is the electron transport chain (ETC) and aerobic or anaerobic process? Explain.
4. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid is called
______________________
5. Where does Glycolysis occur? ______________________________________________
6. Does Glycolysis require oxygen? __________________________________________
7. How many ATP molecules are made in the three steps of respiration? _______________________________
Chapter 11 – Mitosis
PHASE
WHAT’S GOING ON?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Chapter 12 Mendel and Meiosis
1. Meiosis is a cell division which produces ___________ containing _________ the number of chromosomes as the
parent’s body cell.
2. Meiosis has ___________ divisions. Meoisis I begins with a __________ (2n) cell. At the end of Meiosis II, there are
four __________ (n) cells. They are the sex cells or _____________.
3. Male gamete is called a _________________. The female gamete is the egg cell. When a sperm fertilizes the egg, the
resulting cell is called a _____________. It will then grow and develop through the process of ___________.
____4. Passing of traits from parents of offspring
A. heterozygous
____5. Study of heredity
B. homozygous
____6. Different forms of a specific gene
C. genetics
____7. two different alleles
D. alleles
____8. The same allele for one trait
E. heredity
F. genotype
9. In rabbits brown fur is dominant over white fur. When two heterozygous brown rabbits mate, what are the
phenotypic ratios of the offspring?
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Chapter 13 Genes and Chromosomes
1. _____________________ is when DNA makes a copy of itself.
2. Adenine always pairs with ______________________.
3. Cytosine pairs with ________________________.
4. DNA replication begins with an ____________________ breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases.
The following is a sequence of bases on one DNA strand
ATCGGACCTGAT
5. What would be the complimentary strand for the above DNA sequence?
6. Transcribe the ORIGNAL DNA strand. (This would be the mRNA strand.)
7. Use the mRNA strand above and the genetic code chart to translate the message to determine the sequence of
amino acids.
Chapter 14 &15 – Patterns of Heredity/Human Heredity
1. Most sex linked traits are passed from ____ to _____.
a. mom; son
b. father; daughter
c. father; son
d. mom; daughter
2. If a person has PKU, what is the proper treatment? ____________________________________________________
3. In snapdragons the combined expression of both alleles for flower color produces a new phenotype-pink (PP’).
A red snapdragon is homozygous for the allele, R and is crossed with a homozygous white snapdragon, R’. What is
the outcome of this cross? Then cross the F1 generation and what is the outcome of this cross?
4. In four o’clocks, the red flower color is not wholly dominant over white, so that heterozygous flowers are pink
(RW). A red (RR) is crossed with a white (WW) and one of these offspring is self-fertilized. What is the
appearance of this F1 generation cross?
5. If a person of blood group AB marries one belonging to group O, what will be the blood groups of their children
be?
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6. Color blindness is sex linked recessive in men. A color blind man marries a woman with normal vision. What
type of vision will be found in their children?
Pedigree for Hemophilia
7. For the trait being followed in the pedigree, individuals II-1 and II-4 can be
can be classified as
a. homozygous dominant.
b. mutants.
c. homozygous recessive.
d. carriers.
8. What is the relationship between individual I-1 and individual III-2?
a. grandfather – granddaughter
b. great aunt – nephew
c. grandmother – grandson
d. mother – son
9. If individual III-2 marries a person with the same genotype as individual I-1,
what is the chance that one of their children will be afflicted with hemophilia?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
10. This pedigree show _________ generations.
a. one
c. three
b. two
d. four
11. Genetic disorders are usually caused by a _____________________________ genes.
Disease
Turner
Downs
Huntington’s
Klinefelter’s
Tourettes
Cystic Fibrosis
PKU
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Chapter 16 – DNA Technology
Define the following terms.
1. Cloning
2. Genetic engineering
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3. Plasmid
4. Gene therapy
5. Transgenic organisms
6. Recombinant DNA
7. What is the Human Genome Project?
8. Put the following steps in order to create a transgenic organism.
____ Join the DNA with a vector to transport it
____ Isolate the foreign DNA to be inserted
____ Actual transfer of the recombinant DNA into new host
Chapters 3-4 – Go over your ecology notes for the Ecology questions.
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